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Unit 2 vocab
| Definition | |
|---|---|
| cell | A cell is the smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms. |
| organism | An organism is any living thing. |
| cell membrane | A cell membrane is a protective layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment. |
| cytoplasm | The region enclosed by the cell membrane that includes the fluid and all of the organelles of the cell is called the cytoplasm. |
| organelle | An organelle is a small body in a cell’s cytoplasm that is specialized to perform a specific function. |
| nucleus | In some cells, the DNA is contained in a membrane-bound organelle called the nucleus. |
| prokaryote | prokaryote is a single- celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. |
| eukaryote | A eukaryote is an organism made up of cells that contain their DNA in a nucleus. |
| atom | The matter that you encounter every day , both living and nonliving, is made up of basic particles called atoms. |
| molecule | A molecule is a group of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. |
| lipid | A lipid is a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties. |
| protein | A protein is a molecule made up of smaller molecules called amino acids. |
| carbohydrate | Molecules that include sugars, starches, and fiber are called carbohydrates. |
| nucleic acid | nucleic acid is a molecule that carries information in cells. |
| phospholipid | A lipid that contains phosphorus is called a phospholipid |
| cytoskeleton | Throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is a cytoskeleton. |
| mitochondrion | Mitochondria are tiny double-membrane structures inside cell fluid that turn food into chemical energy for the body. |
| ribosome | Ribosomes are tiny cellular molecular machines made of RNA and proteins that build proteins for the cell. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a continuous network of membranes forming sacs and tubes inside the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that helps make, fold, and transport proteins and lipids. |
| Golgi complex | a continuous network of membranes forming sacs and tubes inside the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that helps make, fold, and transport proteins and lipids. |
| cell wall | a rigid, protective outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea. |
| vacuole | a membrane-bound organelle inside a cell that acts as a storage space for water, nutrients, and waste products |
| chloroplast | A chloroplast is a special part inside plant cells and some algae that turns sunlight into food. |
| lysosome | a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste, old cell parts, and foreign invaders. |
| organism | Any living thing |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific job in an organism. |
| organ | a collection of different tissues joined together to perform a specific, vital function in an organism. |
| organ system | An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform body functions. |
| structure | Structure is the arrangement of parts in an organism or an object. |
| function | The structure of a cell, tissue, or organ determines its function, or the activity of each part in an organism |
| homeostasis | Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment. |
| photosynthesis | This process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria make their own food is called photosynthesis. |
| cellular respiration | The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food is called cellular respiration. |
| mitosis | Equal numbers of chromosomes are separated, and the nucleus splits to form two identical nuclei. |
| passive transport | The movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell is called passive transport. |
| diffusion | Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations. |
| osmosis | Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane. |
| active transport | Active transport is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient and requires the cell to use energy. |
| endocytosis | The process by which a cell uses energy to surround a particle and enclosing the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell is called endocytosis |
| exocytosis | When particles are enclosed in a vesicle and released from a cell, the process is called exocytosis |
| species | A species is a group of organisms that are very closely related. |
| genus | A genus includes similar species. |
| domain | A domain represents the largest differences among organisms. |
| Bacteria | Domain Bacteria is made up of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell division. |
| Archaea | Domain Archaea is also made up of prokaryotes. |
| Eukarya | Domain Eukarya is made up of all eukaryotes. |
| Protista | Members of the kingdom Protista, called protists, are single-celled or multicellular organisms such as algae and slime molds. |
| Fungi | The members of the kingdom Fungi get energy by absorbing materials. |
| Plantae | Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellular organisms that have cell walls, mostly made of cellulose. |
| Animalia | Kingdom Animalia contains multicellular organisms that lack cell walls. |
Created by:
Zoie Sylvan