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medical terminology
chap. 2 basics of the body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anatomy | study of the structures of the body |
| physiology | study of the functions of those structures |
| patho | disease |
| anatomical position | a person is standing upright with the head and feet facing forward, the arms at the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward |
| anatomical planes... | serve as reference points for describing anatomical position, and directional movement. |
| frontal/coronal plane | a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections |
| front of body | anterior and ventral |
| back of body | posterior and dorsal |
| anterior | "head end" of the body |
| ventral | "belly side" of the body |
| posterior | tail end, or rear, of the body |
| dorsal | back of body or spinal column |
| midsagittal plane | a vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves |
| saggital plane | a vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halve sections |
| medial | near the midline, or center, of the body |
| lateral | near the side of the body; farther from the mid line (center) of the body |
| proximal | near the point of origin(the point at which something starts) |
| distal | away from the point of origin |
| transverse plane | horizontal plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections |
| superior | located closer to the top of the head in relation to a specific reference point on the body; situated above another body part. opposite of inferior |
| inferior | located near the sole of the feet in relation to a particular reference point on the body; situated below another body part, opposite of superior |
| cephalic | relating to the cranium (head) |
| caudal | relating to the tail or inferior end of the body. |
| erect | normal standing position |
| erect is used for | chest x-rays, assessment for neurological issues, and sudden rise in blood pressure upon standing |
| high fowlers | a sitting position with the head of the bed elevated 75 to 90 degrees; knees raised slightly |
| high fowler's is used for | Mealtime, oral care, X-rays, and breathing treatments. |
| knee-chest | lying facedown with knees bent while resting on the knees and chest |
| knee-chest is used for | rectal and pelvic exams |
| lateral | left or right side; lying position |
| lateral is used for | left is most common. recovery position, to help with vomiting |
| low-fowler's | a semi-sitting position with the head of the bed elevated 15-30 degrees, knees raised slightly |
| low-fowler's is used for | rest and relief of pressure off hips and shoulders |
| prone | lying flat with the face down |
| prone is used for | cutting-edge treatment in breast-cancer care, bedsore treatment, sleeping/resting position in children |
| semi-fowler's | a semi-sitting position with the head of the bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees, knees bent for comfort |
| semi-fowler's is used for | rest during childbirth and lung expansion |
| sims' | lying on the side with the hip and knee straight, and the other hip and knee bent or flexed |
| sims' is used for | rectal exams |
| supine | lying flat with face up |
| supine is used for | CT and MRI, scans, X-rays |
Created by:
allyce