Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nuerotransmitters
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | function: MUSCLE action, learning, memory malfunction ex: Alzheimer's - nuerons deteriorate |
| Dopamine | function: influences movement, LEARNING, attention, emotion malfunction ex:schizophrenia and parkinsons *addiction |
| Serotonin | function: affects mood, hunger, SLEEP, arousal malfunction ex: undersupply linked to depression |
| Norepinephrine | function: alertness and AROUSAL malfunction ex: undersupply can depress mood |
| GABA | function: inhibitory nuerotransmitter malfunction ex: seizures, tremors, insomnia |
| Glutamate | function: EXCITATORY nuerotransmitter, MEMORY malfunction ex: migraines |
| Endorphins | function: perception PAIN or pleasure malfunction ex: oversupply of drugs suppresses body's natural amount |
| Substance P | function: PAIN perception and immune response malfunction ex: chronic pain |
| Nueron | nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system |
| Soma | part of the neuron that contains the nucleus |
| Dendrites | bushy, branching extensions that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses toward the cell body. |
| Axon | neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands. |
| Myelin Sheath | the fatty tissue layer that segmentally covers the axons of some neurons. It increases transmission speed and provides insulation. |
| Terminal Branches | the ends of the axon containing terminal buttons which hold synaptic vesicles that store neurotransmitters. |
| Glial Cells | cells that support, nourish, and protect neurons. They also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory. |
| threshold | level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. |
| polarization | A resting neuron has negatively charged ions inside the axon and positively charged ions outside the axon. |
| depolarization | When the electrical charge reaches -55 mV, the axon gates open, allowing the ions to mix inside the axon. |
| excitatory signal | Like the gas pedal on a car. Excitatory neurotransmitter signals trigger action. |
| Inhibitory signal | Like the brake pedal on a car. Inhibitory neurotransmitter signals depress action. |
| When the excitatory impulses ________ the inhibitory impulses, the threshold has been reached and an action potential occurs. | outnumber |
| action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon. |
| refractory period | is a resting pause during which subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returns to its resting state. |
| nuerotransmitter | a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse and binds to receptor sites on the receiving neuron. |
| synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. |
| reuptake | a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron. |
| agonists | increases nuerotransmitter action - exciting nueron firing |
| antagonists | inhibits/blocks nuerotransmitter s action - inhibiting nueron firing |
| adrenal glands | release epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) to energize the body. |
| hypothalamus | directs the pituitary gland to regulate growth and control other endocrine glands. |
| psychoactive drugs | Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods |
| substance abuse disorder | A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk |
| tolerance | The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect |
| addiction | A primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry |
| nueroadaptation | The brain alters its chemistry and structure to try and balance the overwhelming surges of chemicals caused by repeated drug use. |
| withdrawl | The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior |
| 3 major categories of psychoactive drugs | depressents, stimulants, hallucinogens |
| depresents | Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
| expectancy effects | Expectations influence behavior. ex-Simply believing we’re consuming alcohol can cause us to act out alcohol’s presumed influence. |
| barbiturates | Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment |
| opiates | Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. |
| stimulates | Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the morepowerful cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions |
| A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant; produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria | cocaine |
| methamphetamine | A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels |
| Ecstasy (MDMA) | A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen |
| hallucinogens | Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input |
| LSD (or acid) | vary from euphoria to detachment to panic. |
| THC | the psychoactive ingredient in weed |
Created by:
lilykatelanders