Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio 03 Evol. of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When was the Big Bang | 13.7 BYA |
| When did our solar system begin | 4.6 BYA |
| When did the Earth form | 4.5 BYA |
| Oldest microbes (3-5 BYO) resemble ___. Inhabited ___ | Modern photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). Stromatolites. |
| First evidence of microbial life | Anoxygenic phototrophic filamentous bacteria |
| Spontaneous generation theory | Life arose spontaneously from non-living matter |
| Who/how disproved spontaneous generation | Louis Pasteur, experiment with broth in a swan neck flask |
| 4 stages of how life emerged | 1. Abiotic synthesis of monomers 2. Formation of polymers 3. Packaging of polymers into protobionts 4. Cellular properties e.g. self-replication |
| What was Earth's early atmosphere like to allow for life to begin to emerge | H20 vapor, CO2, SO2, H2, H2S, NO OXYGEN |
| Who proposed that complex organic molecules arose spontaneously under pre-biotic conditions | Oparin and Haldane |
| Oparin and Haldane's hypothesis suggested what | The appearance of the organic molecules gave rise to the primordial soup that eventually led to living cells |
| Hypotheses for how life formed | Spontaneous Generation, the Reducing Atmosphere Hypothesis, and the Deep-Sea Vent Hypothesis |
| The early earth likely had a ________ atmosphere | Reducing |
| Modern atmosphere is rich in __, which ________ and disrupts ________ _____ | O2, oxidizes, chemical bonds |
| Who tested the reducing atmosphere hypothesis with an airtight apparatus with gases circulating past an electrical discharge to simulate conditions on the early Earth to test the prebiotic synthesis of molecules | Miller and Urey |
| What do we now believe that the Earth's early atmosphere was up of | N2 and CO2 |
| 2008- Found that numerous amino acids could form in a _______ atmosphere under conditions that simulated a ________ ________. | Neutral, volcanic eruption |
| Deep-Sea Vent Hypothesis | Hydrothermal deep sea vents release metal ions and H2S that are hot from the Earth's interior into cold sea water. Alkaline vents have a pH of 9-11 and are warm rather than hot: May have been more suitable for origin of Organic molecules. |
| Favored first macromolecule of protobionts | RNA |
| Why is RNA favored? | 1. Ability to store info 2. Capacity for replication 3. Enzymatic function- ribozymes, cutting other RNA molecules, splicing together different RNA fragments, attaching amino acids to growing proteins |
| When did life emerge on Earth? (Prokaryotes appeared) | 3.8 BYA |
| The ___________ eon is the last 500+ million years. It is divided into these 3 eras | Phanerozoic. Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic |
| Fossil Formation | Formed when a dead or dying organism becomes buried by sediments. Pile up and become rock. Organism buried quickly and their hard parts replaced by minerals over millions of years |
| Radiometric dating | Measures the decay of radioactive isotopes |
| With fossils we can reconstruct past ______ and ______ | Floras, faunas |
| Geologic record | Defined by major transitions in life on Earth. 5 large mass extinctions |
| When did atmospheric oxygen appear | 2.7 BYA |
| When did single celled eukaryotes emerge | 2.1 BYA |
| When did multicellular eukaryotes emerge | 1.5 BYA |
| When did animals emerge | 600-800 MYA |
| When did fungi, plants and animals colonize the land | ~500 MYA |
| When did hominids appear | 6-7 MYA |
| When did humans emerge | 200,000 years ago |
| Macroevolution | The study of evolutionary processes and patterns that occur at and above the species level |
| Continental drift | The slow, continuous movement of Earth's crustal plates on the hot mantle |
| When did Pangea form | 250 MYA |
| Ordovician-Silurian | 86% of all species disappear |
| Late Devonian | 75% of all species disappear |
| Permian-Triassic | 90% of all species disappear |
| Triassic-Jurassic | 80% of all species disappear |
| Cretaceous-Tertiary | 76% of all species disappear |
| The Cambrian explosion started about ___ MYA and lasted for about __ mill years | 540, 20 |
| The Ordovician radiation was an interval of intense diversification of marine animal life that lasted nearly __ mill years | 40 |
| Increase in biodiversity throughout the ________ period | Devonian |
| Steady increase throughout ________ and ________, no evidence of a plateau, although the K-T extinction is evident | Mesozoic, Cenozoic |
| Cenozoic era | 66 MYA to today= age of mammals |
| Multituberculates disappear by __ MYA | 35 |
| Except during ____ ___________ and ________, origination rates are greater than extinction rate | mass extinctions, plateaus |
| Changes in what probably played a role in the diversification | Changes in global and regional environments and movement of continents |
| Consequences of mass extinction | Effects biodiversity, some groups die out while others have a greater chance at diversification/radiation. |
| Within the past 400 years, ____ species have become extinct because of humans | 1000 |
| Most common cause of current extinctions | Habitat loss due to human activity |
| Adaptive radiation | A group of organisms form new species, whose adaptations allow them to fill new habitats or roles in their communities |
| Adaptive radiations have _________ the diversity of life | Increased |
| Radiations of land plants were associated with many novel features including | Waxy coat, stomates, vascular tissue, pollen, seeds, and flowers |
| Changes in genes that alter the timing, rate, and spatial pattern of growth alter the ____ of an organism. Changes in these genes have led to the huge diversity in ____ _____ | Form, body forms |
| Does natural selection anticipate the novel use? What must each intermediate stage be? | No. Adaptive and functional |
| Is evolution goal directed | No |
| Natural selection results from... | The interactions between organisms and their environment |
| If the environment changes, apparent evolutionary trends may _____ or _______ | Cease, reverse |
| Protobionts | A collection of abiotically created molecules within a membrane |
| One idea suggests _________ could have encapsulated polymers | Liposomes |
Created by:
user-2057611