Somatization is defined as the transference of mental experiences and states into bodily symptoms.

Physical complaints Psychological factors Symptoms or magnified health concerns

Symptoms are real even though tests don't show medical cause

Clients are convinced they harbor serious physical problems despite negative results during diagnostic testing.

Factitious disorder, imposed on self occurs when a person intentionally produces or feigns physical or psychological symptoms solely to gain attention

People with factitious disorder may even inflict injury on themselves to receive attention

Munchausen syndrome by proxy and occurs when a person inflicts illness or injury on someone else to gain the attention of emergency medical personnel or to be a “hero” for saving the victim.

An example would be a nurse who gives excess intravenous potassium to a client and then “saves their life” by performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Some experience alexithymia, or the inability to identify emotions. This is different than an unwillingness or refusal to identify emotions.

They have tremendous difficulty dealing with interpersonal conflict.

Secondary gains are the external or personal benefits received from others because one is sick, such as attention from family members and comfort measures (e.g., being brought tea, receiving a back rub).

The person soon learns that they “need to be sick” to have their emotional needs met.

The nurse is caring for a client with a functional neurologic symptom disorder. Which finding will the nurse expect during assessment?

Indifference about the physical symptom

Which statement would indicate that teaching about somatic symptom disorder has been effective?

“I will feel better when I begin handling stress more effectively.”

Emotion-focused coping strategies are designed to accomplish which outcome?

Helping the client manage the intensity of symptoms

Which is true about clients with illness anxiety disorder?

They may interpret normal body sensations as signs of disease.

The client’s family asks the nurse, “What is illness anxiety disorder?” The best response by the nurse is “Illness anxiety disorder is

a persistent preoccupation with getting a serious disease.”

A client with somatic symptom disorder has been attending group therapy. Which statement indicates therapy is having a positive outcome for this client?

I feel better physically just from getting a chance to talk.”

When planning care for a client with somatic symptom disorder, the nurse would include which action(s)?

Encourage the client to participate in daily routine activities.. Help the client see the relationship between physical symptoms and life stress/events the client’s physical and emotional distress.

The nurse understands that secondary gain for the client with a somatic symptom illness can include

acceptable absence from work.. freedom from daily chores. increased attention from family. provision of care by others.

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Med Surg I Chapt 21

Mental Health Somatic

Term	Definition
Somatization is defined as the transference of mental experiences and states into bodily symptoms.	Physical complaints Psychological factors Symptoms or magnified health concerns
Symptoms are real even though tests don't show medical cause	Clients are convinced they harbor serious physical problems despite negative results during diagnostic testing.
Clients keep doctor shopping because they can't except a negative result
illness anxiety disorder, formerly hypochondriasis, is preoccupation with the fear that one has a serious disease
Functional neurologic symptom disorder, formerly called conversion reaction or disorder, involves unexplained, usually sudden deficits in sensory or motor function (e.g., blindness, paralysis).
la belle indifférence, a seeming lack of concern or distress, about the functional loss.	blindness, paralysis).
Somatic symptom illnesses are more common in female clients than in male clients;
Clients with somatic symptom disorder often experience symptoms in adolescence, although these diagnoses may not be made until early adulthood (about 25 years of age)
In malingering and factitious disorders, people willfully control the symptoms.
In somatic symptom illnesses, clients do not voluntarily control their physical symptoms.
Malingering is the intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms;
Factitious disorder, imposed on self occurs when a person intentionally produces or feigns physical or psychological symptoms solely to gain attention	People with factitious disorder may even inflict injury on themselves to receive attention
The common term for factitious disorder, imposed on self is Munchausen syndrome a form of abuse
Munchausen syndrome by proxy and occurs when a person inflicts illness or injury on someone else to gain the attention of emergency medical personnel or to be a “hero” for saving the victim.	An example would be a nurse who gives excess intravenous potassium to a client and then “saves their life” by performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
people with somatic symptom illnesses keep stress, anxiety, or frustration inside rather than expressing them outwardly. This is called internalization.
Some experience alexithymia, or the inability to identify emotions. This is different than an unwillingness or refusal to identify emotions.	They have tremendous difficulty dealing with interpersonal conflict.
Primary gains are the direct internal benefits that being sick provides, such as relief of anxiety, conflict, or distress.
Secondary gains are the external or personal benefits received from others because one is sick, such as attention from family members and comfort measures (e.g., being brought tea, receiving a back rub).	The person soon learns that they “need to be sick” to have their emotional needs met.
Clients with somatic symptom disorder and anxiety illness disorder who participated in a structured cognitive–behavioral group showed evidence of improved physical and emotional health.
Clients with somatization disorder usually describe their complaints in colorful, exaggerated terms, but often lack specific information
Clients are alert and oriented. Intellectual functions are unimpaired
: emotion-focused coping strategies, which help clients relax and reduce feelings of stress,
problem-focused coping strategies, which help resolve or change a client’s behavior or situation or manage life stressors
Clients with a diagnosis of functional neurologic symptom disorder may be as young as 7 or 8 years of age.
Rarely is this disorder seen in people over 35 years of age
Cyberchondria refers to excessive or repeated online searches for health-related information that is distressing or anxiety-provoking for the person
The nurse is caring for a client with a functional neurologic symptom disorder. Which finding will the nurse expect during assessment?	Indifference about the physical symptom
Which statement would indicate that teaching about somatic symptom disorder has been effective?	“I will feel better when I begin handling stress more effectively.”
Paroxetine (Paxil) has been prescribed for a client with a somatic symptom illness. The nurse instructs the client to watch out for which side effect?	Nausea
Emotion-focused coping strategies are designed to accomplish which outcome?	Helping the client manage the intensity of symptoms
Which is true about clients with illness anxiety disorder?	They may interpret normal body sensations as signs of disease.
The client’s family asks the nurse, “What is illness anxiety disorder?” The best response by the nurse is “Illness anxiety disorder is	a persistent preoccupation with getting a serious disease.”
A client with somatic symptom disorder has been attending group therapy. Which statement indicates therapy is having a positive outcome for this client?	I feel better physically just from getting a chance to talk.”
A client who developed numbness in the right hand could not play the piano at a scheduled recital. The consequence of the symptom, not having to perform, is best described as	primary gain.
When planning care for a client with somatic symptom disorder, the nurse would include which action(s)?	Encourage the client to participate in daily routine activities.. Help the client see the relationship between physical symptoms and life stress/events the client’s physical and emotional distress.
The nurse understands that secondary gain for the client with a somatic symptom illness can include	acceptable absence from work.. freedom from daily chores. increased attention from family. provision of care by others.

Created by: Daarina Jones

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