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vocab review science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mRNA (messanger) | A type of RNA that carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are made |
| tRNA (transfer) | A type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome to help build proteins |
| Transcription | The process of copying genetic information from DNA into mRNA |
| Translation | The process of using mRNA instructions at a ribosome to build a protein |
| Ribosome | A cell structure that makes proteins by reading mRNA instructions and joining amino acids together |
| Codon | A sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that codes for an amino acid or a stop signal |
| Anticodon | A sequence of 3 nucleotides on tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA |
| Polypeptide | A chain of amino acids linked together that forms part or all of a protein |
| Genetic code | The set of rules that determines how mRNA codons specify amino acids to build proteins |
| Gene | A segment of DNA that contains instructions for making a functional product, such as a protein |
| Mutation | A change in the DNA sequence of an organism |
| Point mutation | A change in a single nucleotide (base) in a DNA sequence |
| Frameshift mutation | A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame of mRNA codons |
| Mutagen | A physical or chemical agent that causes mutations in DNA |
| Polyplodity | A condition in which an organism has more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes |
| Epigenetics | The study of changes in gene expression that occur without changing the DNA sequence |
Created by:
Nanami