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Entom 305 pt 7

QuestionAnswer
Definition Arthropods are invertebrates featuring chitinous exoskeletons, segmented bodies, and paired jointed legs.
Key Classes Class Arachnida (subclass Acari: mites, ticks; 8 legs) and Class Insecta (6 legs).
Impact on Livestock Causes nuisance, production losses, disease transmission, and allergies. Parasites also act as drivers of evolution (e.g., zebra stripes inhibit tabanid fly landing and feeding).
Exoskeleton & Growth Made of chitin; prevents water loss and provides muscle attachment. Growth requires molting, controlled hormonally by Ecdysone (20E) and Juvenile Hormone.
Nervous System Coordinates organ systems and responds to external stimuli. Most insecticides (e.g., Permectrin II, Co-Ral) target the nervous system.
Circulation Open circulatory system using hemolymph contained within the hemocoel.
Respiration Uses a network of trachea and tracheoles opening via spiracles to the exterior.
Digestion Divided into the Foregut (storage/initial digestion), Midgut (digestion/nutrient absorption), and Hindgut (water resorption/feces formation). The chitinous peritrophic matrix protects the midgut
Excretion Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous waste (uric acid) and concentrate blood meals while conserving water.
Reproduction Strategies Exhibits both $r$-selection (producing many offspring with low survival rates per individual) and $K$-selection (fewer offspring with higher care and development investment).
Created by: agk236
 

 



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