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Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Skeletal System | functions included support, protection, movement, making blood cells, and storage for minerals |
| protection | surrounds organs like skull and ribcage |
| movement | place for skeletal muscles to attach and serve as a lever to pull against |
| storage of minerals | calcium and phosphate ions |
| organization of skeleton | 206 bones are in 1 interconnected frame |
| axial skeleton | mid-vertical axis (skull, hyoid, vertebral column, and thoracic cage) |
| skull | 22 bones, typically joined by narrow joints called sutures |
| sinuses | chambers within skull lined with mucous membranes and filled with air. helps drain fluids, reduce weight of skull and resonates sound when you speak. ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal |
| cranium | encloses and protects brain and provides attachment sites for several muscles. composed of 8 bones |
| frontal | anterior part of skull above eyes |
| orbits | eye sockets |
| supraorbital foramen | holes above orbits, allows vessels and nerves through. contains frontal sinus |
| frontal sinus | located in frontal sinus |
| parietal bones | 2 bones, left and right. meet frontal bone at coronal suture. meet and fuse at sagittal suture |
| coronal surure | meet frontal bone at |
| sagittal suture | meet and fuse at |
| occipital bone | posterior and floor of cranium. meets at lambdoidal suture |
| lambdoial suture | meets parietal at |
| foramen magnum | large opening that allows spinal cord to pass from cranial to vertebral canal |
| occipital condyles | found on both sides of opening and forms joints with first vertebra (atlas) |
| temporal bones | 2 bones on either side below parietal bones. they unite with parietal bones at squamosal suture |
| squamosal suture | where temporal bones unite with parietal bones |
| external auditory meatus | opening leading to inner ear |
| mandibular fossa | depression which articulates with mandible |
| mandible | jaw bone |
| zygomatic process | joints zygomatic bone form cheek bone |
| styloid process | anchors muscles of tongue and pharynx |
| mastoid process | rounded projection that provides attachment for neck muscles |
| sphenoid bone | 1 bone butterfly shaped |
| optic foramen | allows optic nerve to pass to brain |
| superior and inferior orbital fissures | transmits vessels and nerves to eyes |
| sella turcica | saddle-shaped, holds pituitary glands |
| sphenoidal sinuses | 2 |
| ethmoid bone | make orbital walls, nasal-cavity walls, and cranial floor |
| cribriform plate | divides cranial cavity from nasal cavity |
| Crista galli | rooster's comb, provides attachment point for brain membranes |
| perpendicular plate | forms nasal septum |
| infra | beneath |
| condyle | round, knuckle-like prominence |
| meatus | canal |
| fissure | slit |
| ep- | above |
| tuberosity | medium, round, rough bump |
| corona | crown |
| groove | long, narrow depression |
| sinus | hollow, air-filled cavity |
| head | upper end |
| ad- | towards |
| trochanter | large, rough, bony projection |
| crest | raised ridge |
| line | narrow, faint ridge |
| tubercle | small, round bump |
| circum- | around |
| facet | smooth, flat surface |
| spine | sharp, pointed projection |
| foramen | hole |
| ab- | from |
| superior and middle nasal conchae | scroll shaped and supports mucous membranes in nose |
| facial bones | 13 immovable bones and moveable lower jaw. supports face and provides attachments for muscles that control facial expressions and jaw movement |
| maxillary bones | 2 bones form upper jaw, orbits, roof of mouth, walls, and floor of nasal cavity |
| maxillary sinus | large sinus |
| alveolar processes | projections that articulate with upper teeth |
| palatine process | roof of mouth, hard palate |
| palatine bones | 2 L shaped bones. forms 1/3 of the posterior side of roof of mouth |
| cleft palate | hole in maxillary or palatine bone |
| zygomatic bones | 2 bones, one on each side of face that form cheek bones and orbits |
| temporal process | extends to temporal bone and unites with zygomatic process forming prominence of cheekbone |
| zygomatic arch | prominence of cheekbone |
| nasal bones | 2 small, rectangular bones that meet at midline to form bridge of nose between orbits |
| lacrimal bones | 2 small, thin bones similar in size and shape to a fingernail. form eye orbit inner wall |
| vomer | 1 bone that unites with perpendicular plate of ethmoid forming nasal septum into right and left chambers |
| inferior nasal conchae | 2 thing scroll like bones below superior and middle conchae of ethmoid. forms 3 shelves of nasal cavity through which air is channeled and warmed |
| mandible | single lower jaw. articulates with temporal bone. only moveable part of skull |
| mandibular condyle | articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal |
| alveolar process | sockets containing teeth |
| hyoid bone | horseshoe shaped bone. doesn't articulate with any other bone. suspended from styloid process of temporal bone by ligaments and muscles. supports tongue and some muscles. |
Created by:
cj422