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Entom 305: Intro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the name "Phylum Arthropoda" mean? | Greek for "joint" and "foot" |
| What are the basic structural features of an arthropod? | Invertebrates with an exoskeleton, segmented body, and paired jointed legs. |
| How do Class Arachnida (subclass Acari) and Class Insecta differ in leg count? | Arachnids/Acari (mites and ticks) have 8 legs, while Insects have 6 legs. |
| What material is the arthropod exoskeleton composed of? | Chitin. |
| What functions does the exoskeleton serve? | Covers the body, protects internal structures, prevents water loss, and provides rigidity for muscle attachment. |
| Why do arthropods need to molt? | Their exoskeleton cannot grow, so molting is required for the arthropod to increase in size. |
| Which two hormones control the molting process in insects? | Ecdysone (20E) and Juvenile hormone. |
| What type of chemical control targets the hormonal molting process? | Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs). |
| How is the arthropod nervous system organized? | A system of nerves and nerve bodies (ganglia) that carry electrical impulses to control organs, appendages, and respond to stimuli. |
| What primary physiological system do most insecticides target? | The nervous system. |
| How does arthropod circulation differ from vertebrate circulation? | Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system (heart, blood vessels, veins), whereas arthropods have an open circulatory system with hemolymph contained in the hemocoel. |
| How do arthropods breathe? | Through a network of ducts (trachea and tracheoles) opening to the outside via spiracles. |
| How does respiration method vary by arthropod size? | Larger insects use active ventilation, while smaller insects use passive ventilation |
| What are the three major sections of the insect digestive system and their primary functions? | Foregut: Food storage and initial digestion Midgut: Digestion and nutrient absorption Hindgut: Water resorption and feces formation |
| Why is saliva important for blood-feeding arthropods? | It keeps blood flowing smoothly and keeps the host unaware of the bite. |
| What is the peritrophic matrix and why is it important for pathogens? | A chitin-rich lining that surrounds food to protect the midgut; pathogens must escape the gut before this matrix fully forms. |
| Q:How do arthropods conserve water while removing nitrogenous waste? | Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous waste (uric acid) and recycle water and salts back into the hemolymph. |
| What are the main characteristics of r-selected species? | High growth rates, production of many "cheap" offspring, and reliance on probability for a few to reach adulthood. |
| What are the main characteristics of K-selected species? | Longer development times and production of fewer offspring with higher parental care/investment. |
Created by:
agk236