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WEEK 5:
Anatomy introduction to face, jaw and scalp:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the cranium is formed of how many bones | 22 bones |
| neurocranium | bony case of the brain |
| viscerocranium | facial bones |
| neurocranium formed of how many bones | 8 bones |
| singular neurocranium bones near midline (4) | frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital |
| two bilateral pairs of neurocranium bones (2) | temporal and parietal |
| aspects of the neurocranium (2) | cranial base and calvarium |
| contents of the neurocranium (3) | brain, its vasculature, meninges, and proximal part of cranial nerves |
| strongest bone in the skull | petrous part of temporal bone |
| what are sutures | fibrous connections of bones of skull |
| squamosal suture | connect temporal bones to parietal bone |
| lamboidal sutures | connects parietal bones to occipital bones |
| coronal suture | connects frontal bones to parietal bones |
| pterion | parietal, temporal, sphenoidal bone and frontal bone come together to form the weakest part of the skull (most fracturable part) |
| clinical importance of pterion | where many bones meet and overlay the meningeal artery - so if injured could affect vascularisation to meninges |
| viscerocranium | aka facial skeleton is on the anterior part of cranium |
| viscerocranium consists of how many bones | 14 bones surrounding the mouth, nose and most of the orbit |
| viscerocranium bones near midline (2) | mandible and vomer (inconsistent others) |
| bilateral viscerocranium bones (6) | maxilla, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic, palatine, nasal and lacrimal |
| endoscopic pituitary surgery | gives access to pituitary gland via nasal canal needing to go through sphenoid bone and entry into pituitary fossa |
| where can infection spread in the scalp | in the loose connective tissue layer |
| what is bleeding in the scalp like | profuse bleeding of the scalp when cut/lacerated |
| muscles of facial expression produce effect by | attaching to bone or fascia and pulling on the skin |
| muscles of fascial expression surrounds what | facial orifices (mouth, eyes, nose) serving as sphincter and dilator mechanism |
| what type of supply goes to facial muscles | motor |
| facial nerves include | CNVII |
| CNVII controls what (6) | posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical |
| importance of CN7 | corneal blink reflex |
| main trunk of CN7 engulfed by | parotid gland |
| what leads to Bell's palsy | CN7 denervation |
| Trigeminal nerve - CNV | cutaneous innervation of face and anterior scalp |
| CNVI | opthalmic nerve |
| CN V2 | maxillary nerve |
| CN V3 | mandibular nerve |
| trigeminal nerve is what cranial nerve | CN V |
| arterial blood supply to face has most branches of | external carotid artery |
| what artery is the major supply to the face | facial artery |
| potential route of spread of infection from face to cranial dural sinus | facial vein -> superior opthalmic vein and cavernous sinus |
| muscles of mastication (4) | temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid |
| function of digastric muscle | opens mouth |
| what muscle opens mouth | digastric muscle |
| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is what type of joint | gliding and hinge type synovial joint |
| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is formed between | mandibular fossa of temporal bone and condyloid process of mandible |
| what separates temporomandibular joint (TMJ) into superior and inferior compartments | articular disc |
| function of articular disc in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | separates temporomandibular joint (TMJ) into superior and inferior compartments |
| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is stabilised by | various ligaments |
| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movements are produced by | muscles of mastication |
| mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve | CN V3 |
| the jaw clenching test for motor function uses what nerve | CN V |
| CN V3 | mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve |
| CN V | nerve involved in the jaw clenching test for testing motor function |
| branches of external carotid artery (2) | maxillary artery and temporalis (which is also supplied by superficial temporal artery) |
| blood supply for muscles of mastication | branches of external carotid artery (maxillary artery and temporalis which is supplied by superficial temporal artery) |
| functions of salivary glands | secrete saliva into oral cavity, keep mucous membrane moist, lubricates food to aid mastication, digest starch and carbohydrates |
| how many main salivary glands | 3 and multiple small accessory glands |
| major salivary glands include (3) | parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland |
| motor nerve supply to | fascial and masticatory muscles |
| sensory nerve supply to | face |
Created by:
22tango