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WEEK 5:

Tubular function 4:

QuestionAnswer
quantity of Na+ determines** effective ECF volume (more Na+ out cell and K+ in cell where Na+ movement also brings water- obligated water)
natriuresis excretion of Na+ in urine
euvolemia maintenance of normal ECF volume by balancing NaCl ingested with that excreted
excess sodium can lead to advanced renal failure, Weight gain (excess fluids), Oedema formation leads to pitting oedema, legs swollen and Hypertension
deficit of sodium can lead to vomiting, diarrhoea, Weight loss, Changes in skin turgor, Syncope (fainting) and Orthostatic hypotension
major influences on Na+ excretion (2) GFR, tubular reabsorption of Na+ (collecting duct -> fine control)
where is most Na+ reabsorbed proximal convoluted tubule
effector mechanisms influencing renal Na+ transport (5) (1)Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (2) Sympathetic nervous system (3) Atrial natriuretic peptide(s) (4) Natriuretic factors (5) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin (minor)
renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAA) all influence proximal Na+ reabsorption (increase) and aldosterone influences late distal/ CCD Na+ reabsorption (increase)
aldosterone stimulates (3) Na+ reabsorption (principal cells), K+ secretion (principal cells) and H+ secretion (intercalated cells)
aldosterone role normal Na+ reabsorption (without it, an inappropriately large amount of Na+ is excreted and too much aldosterone enhances Na+ reabsorption causing expansion of ECF volume)
where does aldosterone act late distal tubule/ cortical collecting duct
systems increasing renal Na+ transport (2) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAA) and sympathetic nervous system
systems decreasing renal Na+ transport (2) atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) and natriuretic factors
explain the sympathetic nervous system in influencing renal Na+ transport Noradrenaline influences proximal Na+ reabsorption (increase) Activates RAA (increase Na+ reabsorption) ā†“ decrease GFR (ā†“ decrease Na+ excretion)
explain atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) in influencing renal Na+ transport Increases GFR (vasodilatation - increase Na+ excretion) Decreases proximal and MCD Na+ reabsorption Inhibits aldosterone & renin release
explain natriuretic factors in influencing renal Na+ transport Decrease proximal Na+ reabsorption Inhibit renin release (increase Na+ excretion) Prostanoids increasing/decrease GFR, GFR/RPF
juxtaglomerular apparatus/ cells function (2) autoregulation and renin release (salt and water balance)
juxtaglomerular apparatus is made of (2) macula densa and granular cells
stimulatory renin release Low plasma Na+, ECF volume, BP
inhibitory renin release High plasma Na+, ECF volume, BP
macula densa mechanisms decrease tubular [NaCl] delivery to distal tubule; Na+K+2Cl- cotransporter activity in macula densa cells increase renin release
renal baroreceptor decrease Renal perfusion pressure increase Renin release
catecholamines (increase ECF vol/BP and sympathetic activity) Beta adrenoceptors increase Renin release
renin released from granular cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus acts on angiotensinogen in liver (plasma protein)
renin turns angiotensinogen in liver into angiotensin I (10aa)
angiotensin I (10aa) turns into what angiotensin II (8aa)
angiotensin I (10aa) turns into angiotensin II (8aa) using what enzyme ACE enzyme (angiotensin converting enzyme from lungs)
effects of angiotensin II increase proximal Na+ uptake, sympathoexcitation (VC + increased CO), vasoconstriction and leads to aldosterone release
aldosterone is found ZG, adrenal cortex
effect of aldosterone increases distal Na+ uptake
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Created by: 22tango
 

 



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