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Unit 2 Study Stack
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| partitioning | to divide |
| continuity | progression, flow, consistency |
| establishment | establishment |
| mandate | • one country put under control of another by international agreement • the goal is to gain independence at a future date but be under the direction of another country until ready |
| Zionism | • the movement by Jews—and supported by Great Britain in the Balfour Declaration—to create a Jewish state • Theodor Herzl is considered the father, or originator, of this movement |
| anti-Semitism | • a prejudice and hostility toward Jews • this belief grew throughout Europe in the early 1900s |
| Holocaust | • murderous plan developed by Adolf Hitler to exterminate all Jews (and other groups he considered undesirable) from his empire |
| Persian Gulf War | • the US and a coalition of allies fought against Saddam Hussein in 1991 after he invaded Kuwait • President George H. W. Bush was President of the US at the time |
| Operation Iraqi Freedom | • invasion to overthrow Hussein’s Iraqi government in 2003 because the US thought Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and did not want them in the hands of terrorists |
| Palestinians | • Arabs living in Palestine which would eventually become the modern state (country) of Israel • many have become refugees as a result of continuing conflict with the Israelis |
| Arab-Israeli Wars | • series of conflicts involving Middle East Arab nations and the Jews of Israel (Israelis) • borders have changed in and around Israel many times as a result |
| predominant | • most frequent or common |
| Ottoman Empire | • Muslim empire that ruled much of the Middle East and eastern Europe for over 600 years • empire was torn apart gradually and then forever after their defeat in WWI |
| Invasion of Afghanistan | • US response to the 9/11 attacks on US soil with the purpose to overthrow the Taliban government, break up al-Qaeda training camps, and to capture Osama bin Laden |
| Saddam Hussein | • Iraqi dictator for beginning in 1979 who led his country to war against Iran and later a US led coalition in the Persian Gulf War • was overthrown by the US over a decade later during Operation Iraqi Freedom and was hung for crimes against humanity |
| Osama bin Laden | • al-Qaeda leader given credit for numerous terrorist attacks, including those on 9/11/2001 • was finally found and killed by the US Navy Seals in 2011 |
| Yasser Arafat | • leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization from 1969 to his death in 2004 • won a Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the Oslo accords despite being a sponsor of terror |
| Palestine Liberation Organization | • organization formed to protect the rights of Palestinian refugees and to remove the Jews by force from Palestine (Israel) • responsible for numerous terrorist attacks |
| George W. Bush | • US President at the time of al-Qaeda’s attack on 9/11 • as a result, he invaded Afghanistan and began the War on Terror |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | • President of Egypt who nationalized the Suez Canal and led Egypt during the Suez Canal Crisis (2nd Arab-Israeli War) and the Six Day War (3rd Arab-Israeli War). |
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