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U1C psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accommodation | the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina |
| bottom-up processing | analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information |
| change blindnes | when people fail to detect changes to the visual details of a scene |
| cocktail party effect | ability to concentrate on only one voice among many |
| color constancy | the tendency for a color to look the same under widely different viewing conditions |
| conduction deafness | hearing loss due to problems with the bones of the middle ear |
| convergence | the extent to which the eyes move inward when looking at an object |
| embodied cognition | the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements |
| frequency theory | the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch |
| ganglion cells | the specialized cells which lie behind the bipolar cells whose axons form the optic nerve |
| gate control theory | theory that explains how the nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain |
| Gestalt psychology | approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts |
| inner ear | anatomy that contains cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs |
| just noticeable difference (JND) | the smallest change in the intensity of a stimulus that we can detect |
| linear perspective | parallel lines appear to converge with distance |
| loudness | a sound's intensity |
| perceptual set | a readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way |
| pheromones | odorless chemicals that serve as social signals to members of one's species |
| photoreceptors | cells in the retina that respond to light |
| place theory | the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's mem-brane is stimulated |
| priming | an enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus |
| psychophysics | the study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience. |
| relative clarity | hazy objects are seen as farther away than sharp, clear objects |
| relative disparity | the difference in absolute disparities of objects in a scene |
| Semicircular canals | canals three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for our sense of balance |
| sensorineural deafness | deafness that results from damage to the auditory nerve |
| signal detection theory | theory regarding how stimuli are detected under different conditions |
| Stroboscopic movement | a type of apparent movement based on the rapid succession of still images |
| subliminal | below the level of consciousness |
| Synesthesia | describing one kind of sensation in terms of another |
| top-down processing | the use of preexisting knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole |
| transduction | conversion of one form of energy into another |
| vestibular sense | our sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance |
| visual nerve | carries the visual impulse out the back of the eye and into the brain for further processing. |
| volley theory | the view that some sounds are coded by matching the frequency of neural firing |
| wavelength | the distance between two corresponding parts of a wave |
| Weber's Law | the just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion despite variations in intensity |
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10288398