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Health-Sci Timeline
Healthcare Heroes and Timelines
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Edward Jenner | Smallpox Vaccine |
| Hippocrates | Hippocratic Oath |
| Joseph Murray | first successful kidney transplant |
| Fredrick Hopkins | Vitamins are essential for good health |
| Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier | HIV |
| William Harvey | Circulatory System |
| Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen | X-ray |
| Watson and Crick | DNA |
| Fredrick Banting | insulin |
| Louis Pasteur | Germ Theory |
| Alexander Fleming | Penicillin |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | first microscope |
| James Lind | citrus fruits prevent scurvy |
| Sir Humphry Davy and Horace Wells | nitrous oxide as an anesthetic |
| William Morton | Ether as an anesthetic |
| Rene Lannec | Stethoscope |
| James Blundell | First successful blood transfusion |
| Joseph Lister | first to use antiseptics during surgery |
| Karl Landsteiner | discovery of blood antibodies |
| Michael DeBakey | pioneering procedures in the field of cardiovascular defects |
| Elizabeth Blackwell | first female physician |
| Florence Nightingale | founder of modern nursing |
| Clara Barton | Founder of the Red Cross |
| Robert Jarvik | First successful permanent artificial heart |
| William Hounsfield | CT Scanner |
| Ignaz Semmelweis | handwashing, childbed fever |
| Marie Curie | discovery of radium |
| Gerty Cori | first woman to win the Nobel Prize in medicine |
| Henry Judah Heimlich | life-saving choking maneuver |
| William Kouwenhoven | CPR/defibrillation |
| ee | |
| 4000 BC - 3000 BC (Primitive Times) | - illness and disease were punishment from gods -Healers: Trial witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies -Medicine: Herbs and Plants (morphine and digitalis) -Treatment: Trepanation - Average life = 20 |
| Trepanation (trephining) - removing a piece of bone from the skull | removing a piece of bone from the skull |
| 3000 BC - 300 BC (Ancient Egyptians) | - documented knowledge - Healers: Priests & Magicians - Medicine: Herbs, beer, and wine - Treatment: Accurate records, papyrus prescriptions, splinting fractures, closing wounds, embalming & enemas - called on gods of healing - Average life = 20 - 30 |
| What did the Egyptians use to document | papyrus |
| Egyptian Prescription | - Rx is from latin word "recipe" meaning "take" - Other belief is R evolved from Eye of Horus, associated with Healing powers |
| 1700 BC - 220 AD (Ancient Chinese) | - need to treat body by curing spirit, nourishing body - theory of balance was Yin and Yang - Healers: Herbal Doctors - Medicine: Herbs - Treatment: acupuncture, acupressure, cupping - search for MEDICAL REASONS for illness - Average life = 20- 30 |
| What is cupping | ancient Chinese treatment where cups are placed on skin to create suction, helping blood flow and etc. |
| 1200 BC - 200 BC | - first to observe body & effects of disease - Healers: Medical Practitioners - no reqs - Medicine: diet and exercise to prevent, herbs roots, amulets & charms - Treatment: massage, art therapy, herbal treatment. surgery last - Average life = 25-35 |
| Who was the first to OBSERVE the human body and what did it lead to | the Ancient Greeks were the first and it lead to modern medical practices |
| 753 BC - 410 AD (Ancient Romans) treatments on another flashcard | - first to provide medical care soldiers - first public health and sanitation - sewers & aqueducts - Healers: Medical Practitioners - no req (freed Greek slaves) - Medicine: diet, exercise to prevent, herbs root amulets charms, - Average life = 25- 35 |
| ancient Romans Treatment | -Surgery as last resort - removal of cataracts, draining of fluids. trepanation - wounds were stitched with flax, linen thread, or mental pins dressing of linen bandages or sponges - Four body humors |
| what are the four body humors | Blood (sanguine) - Air (hot and wet) Phlegm - Water (cold and wet) Yellow Bile/Choler - Fire (hot and dry) Black Bile - Earth (cold and dry) |
| 400 AD - 800 AD (Dark Ages) | - Emphasis on saving soul - Study of medicine prohibited - Healers: Monks & Preists provided custodial care for sick - Medicine: Herbal Mixtures, Faith - Treatment: Prayer & Divine intervention were used to treat illnesses - Average life = 20-30 |
| 800 AD - 1400 AD (Middle Ages) | - Bubonic Plague killed 1/3 of population in Europe & Asia - Healers: Arabs require physicians pass exams and get licenses - Medicine: herbal mixtures and faith - Treatment: Renewed interest in Greek and Roman medical practices - life: 20 - 35 |
| What were the major diseases in the Middle Ages | smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, plague, malaria |
| 350 AD - 1650 AD (Renaissance) | - Healers: Dissection of body led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology - invention of printing press -first anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514 - 1564) - life = 30 - 40 |
| 16th and 17th Centuries | - cause of disease unknown: infections - Healers: Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, sold medications - invention of microscope allowed physicians to see disease causing organisms - life: 35 - 45 |
| 18th century | - Rene Laennec invented first stethoscope (wooden) - Gabriel Fahrenheit created first mercury thermometer in 1742 Anders Celsius created centigrade or Celsius scale in 1742 -John hunter made surgical procedures & tube feeding - life = 40-50 |
| 19th century | - discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, vaccination -> rapid advancements - Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with disease - Formal training for nurses began - Women became active participants - life = 40 - 60 |
| 20th century | - more knowledge on blood - ABO groups - Found white blood cells protect against disease - Insulin to treat diabetes - Antibiotics to fight infections - Vaccines developed |
| what machines and techniques were developed in the 20th century | - Kidney dialysis machine - heart lung machine - surgical and diagnostic equipment developed to cure once fatal conditions - organ transplant and implanted first artificial heart - test tube babies |
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Cookie~Monster