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chemistry test one

TermDefinition
chemistry scientific study of matter, its properties, its structure, and the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions
matter anything that has mass and takes up space
pure substance a form of matter that has a constant chemical composition and distinct, unchanging properties throughout
element the simplist form of matter that has a unique set of properties
compound a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
mixture a physical blend of two or more components that can be classified as heterogeneous or homogeneous
homogeneous mixture a mixture that is uniform throughout
heterogeneous mixture a mixture that is not uniform throughout
filtration process that separate a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
distillation separating homogeneous mixtures using the substances differences in boiling point (evaporation)
crystallization used to remove pure solid particles from a solution in which the substance is dissolved
chromatography separation based on each substances tendency to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material
physical property a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance
chemical property any of a materials properties that become evident during or after a chemical reaction; that is any quality that can be established only by changing a substances chemical identity
physical change some properties of a material change but the composition of the material does not change - they can be reversable
chemical change a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter - it is irreversable
intensive property trait of matter that does not change based on the amount of substance present
extensive property a physical characteristic of matter that changes depending on the size or amount of the substance present in a sample
solid a state of matter with a definite shape and a definite volume that does not change on its own
liquid a fundamental state of matter that has definite volume but takes the shape of the container it is in
gas a fundamental state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume
group a vertical column on the periodic table
period a horizontal row on the periodic table
metal a substance that readily loses electrons to form positive ions, conducts heat and electricity well, and features a shiny luster
nonmetal a chemical element that lacks metallic properties, which means its a poor conductor of heat and electricity and doesn't have a shiny appearance
metalloid a chemical element with properties that are in between those of a metal and a nonmetal
noble gases any chemical element in Group 18 of the periodic table that has a full outer electron shell, making it extremely stable and mostly unreactive
alkali metals the six chemical elements in Group 1 of the periodic table - they have a single electron in their outer most shell and react violently with water
alkaline earth metals the six chemical elements found in Group 2 of the periodic table - 2 electrons on outer shell, very reactive
halogens a group of five or six non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table - 7 valence electrons on outer most shell - react quickly and violently
transition metals a chemical element in the d-block of the periodic table (groups 3-12)
inner transition metals chemical elements found in the f-block of the periodic table - 2 groups (lanthanides and anticides)
Created by: karissa.p
 

 



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