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ITPD MIDTERMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 5 key characteristics of a computer? | Speed, Accuracy, Reliability, Versatility, Storage Capacity |
| What is Speed in computer characteristics? | Can carry out 3-4 million instructions per second |
| What is Accuracy in computer characteristics? | Very high degree of accuracy. Errors are always due to HUMAN ERRORS (inaccurate data, wrong instructions, or bugs in chips) |
| What is Reliability in computer characteristics? | Can work repeatedly without errors due to tiredness or boredom (unlike humans) |
| What is Versatility in computer characteristics? | Can carry out a wide range of work (e.g., complex data entry, ticket booking, math calculations, astronomical observations) |
| What is Storage Capacity in computer characteristics? | Can store a very large amount of data at a fraction of the cost of traditional paper storage. Safe from normal wear and tear |
| What is a Computer Program? | A sequence of instructions written using a computer programming language to perform a specified task |
| What is Computer Programming? | The act of writing computer programs |
| Name 8 programming languages mentioned in the materials | JAVA, C, C++, C#, PYTHON, PHP, PERL, RUBY |
| What is Software? | A set of instructions/procedures that achieve a single outcome. Many programs functioning together make a software |
| What are the 3 categories of software? | 1. System Software, 2. Application Software, 3. Utility Software |
| What is an Operating System (OS)? | A body of software responsible for: making it easy to run programs, allowing them to share memory, interacting with hardware (especially the CPU), sharing hardware among different processes, ensuring the system operates correctly, efficiently, and easily |
| What is an Algorithm? | A step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem. It is an effective method expressed as a finite, well-defined set of instructions |
| What is Pseudocode? | A plain English, simplified text version of an algorithm |
| What is a Flowchart? | A blueprint that pictorially represents an algorithm and its steps |
| What are the 5 benefits of a flowchart? | 1. Simplify the logic, 2. Makes communication better, 3. Effective analysis, 4. Useful in coding, 5. Proper testing |
| What is the Terminal symbol and its shape? | OVAL shape. Represents the beginning and end of a program (Start/End) |
| What is the Input/Output symbol and its shape? | PARALLELOGRAM shape. User keys in numbers/letters/words OR displays output |
| What is the Processing symbol and its shape? | RECTANGLE shape. Involves calculations or storing a predetermined value (e.g., A=10, C=A+B) |
| What is the Decision symbol and its shape? | DIAMOND shape. Compares two things and selects one of two possible courses of action |
| What is the Off-Page Connector symbol and its shape? | PENTAGON shape. Entry to or exit from a page when flowchart requires more than one page |
| What is the On-Page Connector symbol and its shape? | CIRCLE shape. Entry or exit from reading sequence to change flow on the same page |
| What is the Flow Line symbol and its shape? | ARROW/LINE shape. Points to the next activity to be done |
| What is C++? | A middle-level programming language |
| Who created C++? | Bjarne Stroustrup |
| When was C++ created? | 1979 |
| Where was C++ developed? | Bell Labs |
| What are the applications of C++? | 1. Application Software Development, 2. Programming Languages Development, 3. Computation Programming, 4. Games Development, 5. Embedded System |
| What are the 7 steps of the Typical Programming Method? | 1. Determine problem requirements, 2. Analyze the problem, 3. Design algorithm/flowchart, 4. Implement algorithm by writing C++ code, 5. Compile program, 6. Run executable/test/verify, 7. Maintain and update |
| What does specifying problem requirements involve? | State the problem clearly and unambiguously to gain a clear understanding of what is required for its solution |
| What does analyzing the problem involve identifying? | All the inputs (data to work with), all the outputs (desired results), and any additional requirements or constraints |
| What is an algorithm in the context of design? | A high-level abstraction that is not actually code, but expresses the ideas of a program |
| What is top-down design in algorithm development? | Listing the major steps (subproblems) first, then solving each subproblem |
| What are the 3 subproblems most algorithms consist of? | 1. Get the (input) data, 2. Perform the computations, 3. Display the results |
| What are Loops in programming? | To repeat a statement or group of statements for a number of times or as long as a certain condition is true |
| What are Counters in programming? | To count things, usually needing an initial value (zero or one). Examples: number of students passed, positive integers in 100 random numbers |
| What are Summations in programming? | To find the summation (sum) of a series of numbers or series of expressions. Examples: summation of numbers 1-100, summation of (x-1)2 |
| What does the + operator do in C++? | Addition: Adds together two values (x + y) |
| What does the - operator do in C++? | Subtraction: Subtracts one value from another (x - y) |
| What does the * operator do in C++? | Multiplication: Multiplies two values (x * y) |
| What does the / operator do in C++? | Division: Divides one value by another (x / y) |
| What does the % operator do in C++? | Modulus: Returns the division remainder (x % y) |
| What does the ++ operator do in C++? | Increment: Increases the value of a variable by 1 (++x) |
| What is cout << used for in C++? | It prints output on the screen used with the insertion operator. Example: cout << "This is C++ Programming"; |
| What is cin >> used for in C++? | It takes input from the user used with the extraction operator. Example: cin >> variable_name; |
| What is the Character data type in C++? | Typically a single octet (one byte). It is an integer type. Example: char variable_name; |
| What is the Integer (int) data type in C++? | Used to declare integer variables, which store whole numbers without decimal points. Example: int myNumber; |
| What is the Float data type in C++? | A fundamental data type used to store single-precision floating-point numbers. Example: float myFloat; |
| What is the Double data type in C++? | Used to declare variables that store floating-point numbers with double precision. Example: double variableName; |
| What is the Bool (boolean) data type in C++? | Data type represents boolean values, which can be either true or false. Example: bool isReady = true; |
| What is the unsigned int data type in C++? | Used to declare integer variables that can only hold non-negative values (zero and positive integers) |
| What is the unsigned short data type in C++? | A fundamental integer data type used to store non-negative whole numbers. Example: unsigned short myUnsignedShort; |
| What is the Long data type in C++? | Used with integer and floating-point data types to indicate a larger range or size than the basic type. Example: long myLongInt; |
| What is the long long data type in C++? | Used to store integers that require a larger range than int or long int. Example: long long myLongVariable; |
| What does return 0; signify in a C++ main function? | It signifies a successful program execution. This value is returned to the OS as an "exit code." |
| What is <iostream> in C++? | A C++ standard library header file that provides functionality for standard input/output operations. Example: #include <iostream> |
| What does std:: refer to in C++? | It refers to the standard namespace and the scope resolution operator. Used to specify that a name belongs to a particular namespace (e.g., std::cout) |
| What does "using namespace std;" mean in C++? | It means that we can use names for objects and variables from the standard library without typing std:: every time |
| What is the escape sequence \b in C++? | Backspace: It adds a backspace. Example: cout << "\b"; |
| What is the escape sequence \n in C++? | Newline: Newline Character. Example: cout << "\n"; |
| What is the escape sequence \r in C++? | Carriage return: Moving the cursor or print head back to the beginning of a line. Example: cout << "\r"; |
| What is the escape sequence \t in C++? | Tab: It gives a tab space. Example: cout << "\t"; |
| How do you write single-line comments in C++? | Begin with //. Example: // single comments |
| How do you write multi-line comments in C++? | Begin with /* and end with */. Example: /* Multi Comment */ |
| Which flowchart symbol is used when a process requires more than one page? | Pentagon (Off-Page Connector) |
| Computer errors are primarily caused by what? | Human errors (bad data, wrong instructions, bugs) |
| What shape represents a calculation like C = A + B? | Rectangle (Processing symbol) |
| True or False: An algorithm can be infinite as long as it solves the problem | FALSE - An algorithm must be FINITE; it cannot go on forever |
| True or False: The Operating System is considered a type of System Software | TRUE |
| True or False: Pseudocode is actual, compilable programming code | FALSE - Pseudocode is plain English, not actual compilable code |
| True or False: A computer's Versatility means it can do a wide range of different tasks | TRUE |
| True or False: A Circle connector is used to link two different pages of a flowchart | FALSE - Circle = On-page connector. Pentagon = Off-page connector |
| What symbol shape do you use to ask user to Input your age in a flowchart and why? | Parallelogram - because asking user to input data is an Input/Output operation |
| When checking Is the students grade >= 75 which symbol do you use and how many paths come out? | Diamond (Decision Symbol). TWO possible paths (Yes/True and No/False) |
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