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electrolyte imbalanc

QuestionAnswer
Sodium key findings water + brain
Potassium key findings heart + muscles
Calcium key findings bones + nerve/muscle excitability
hyponatremia effects on cells water moves into the cells --> brain swelling
hypernatremia effects on cells water moves out of the cells --> brain shrinks
vomiting, diarrhea, excessive swelling causes hyponatremia
SIADH, polydipsia, diuretics, aldosterone problems causes hyponatreemia
lethargy, headache, confusino, weakness, seizures hyponatremia
losing water causes hypernatremia
thirsty, agitated, weakness hypernatremia
vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, poor diet, excess aldosterone, cushing syndrome hypokalcemia
alkalosis hypokalcemia
alkalosis H and K in cells h moves out of cell k moves into cells
flattened T waves hypokalemia
muscle weakness + fatigue + decreased GI hypokalemia, hyperkalemia
paresthesia hypokalemia, hyperkalemia
burns leads to hyperkalemia
peaked t waves hyperkalemia
calcium regulation PTH --> increase calcium Calcitonin --> decrease calcium
vitamin d deficiency leads to hypocalcemia
renal failure leads to hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
twitching, cramping, spasms hypocalcemia
chvostek sign hypocalcemia (face tapping)
trousseaus sign hypocalcemia (bp cuff)
depressed or sluggish neuromuscular activity hypercalcemia
hyperparathiroidism leads to hypercalcemia
malignant bone tumors lead to hypercalcemia
bones, groans, stoans, moans hypercalcemia
muscle weakness is a sign of hypercalcemia
Created by: jojojackson
 

 



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