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BNA Notes
Infection Prevention and Control
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antimicrobial | an agent that destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens |
| Autoclave | an appliance used to sterilize medical instruments or other objects by using steam under pressure |
| Bloodborne Pathogens | infectious microorganisms found in human blood and other body fluids that can cause disease |
| Bloodborne pathogen standard | federal law requiring that healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards |
| Bodily Fluids | tears, saliva, sputum (mucus coughed up), urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus or other wound drainage, and vomit |
| Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE): | bacteria ( enterobacteriaceae) that have developed resistance to carbapenems, which is a category of antibiotics |
| Carrier | person who carries a pathogen, usually without signs or symptoms of disease, but who can still spread the disease |
| Catheter | tube inserted through the skin or into a body opening that is used to administer or drain fluid |
| C. difficile or C. diff: | an abbreviation for clostridioides (formally clostridium diffiicile) ; a bacterium that is spread by spores in the feces that are difficult to kill; it causes symptoms such a as diaherra and nausea and can lead to serious inflammation in the colon(colitis |
| Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) | federal government agency responsible for improving the overall health and safety of the people in the United States |
| Clean | in health care, a condition in which an object is not contaminated with pathogens |
| Communicable disease | an infectious disease transmissible by direct contact or by indirect contact |
| Contagious disease | type of communicable disease that spreads quickly from person to person |
| Contaminated | soiled, unclean; having disease causing organisms or infectious materials on it |
| Cross Infection | the physical movement or transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object, or place to another, or from one part of the body to another |
| Dehydration | an excessive loss of water from the body; a condition that occurs when fluid loss is greater than fluid intake |
| Direct | way to transmit pathogens through touching the infected person or his secretions |
| Dirty | in health care, a condition in which an object has been contaminated with pathogens |
| Disinfection | process that destroys most, but not all, pathogens and other types of microorganisms |
| Doff | to remove |
| Don | to put on |
| Drainage | flow of fluids from a wound or cavity |
| Exposure Control Plan | plan that outlines specific work practices to prevent exposure to infectious material and identifies step-by-step procedures to follow when exposures do occur |
| Exposure incident | specific eye, mouth, and other mucous membrane, nonintact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employees duties |
| Fomite | an object that is contaminated with a pathogen and can spread the pathogen to another person |
| Hand Hygiene | washing hands with soap and water and using alcohol-based hand sanitizer |
| Hand-Sanitizer | a preparation containing at least 60% alcohol that is designed for application to the hands for reducing the number of microorganisms on the hands |
| Healthcare Associated Infections(HAI) | an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care for another condition |
| Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma |
| Immunity | resistance to an infection by a specific pathogen |
| Incubation Period | the period of time between exposure to a pathogen and the time it causes visible signs and symptoms of disease or illness |
| Indirect contact | way to transmit pathogens by touching something contaminated by the infected person |
| Infection | he state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying |
| Infectious Prevention | set of methods used to prevent and control the spread of disease |
| Infectious Disease | any disease caused by growth of a pathogen |
| Isolate | to keep something separate, or by itself |
| Jaundice | a condition in which the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes appear yellow |
| Localized Infection | an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local systems |
| Malnutrition | a serious condition in which a person is not getting proper nutrition |
| Medical asepsis | measures used to reduce, remove, and control the spread of pathogens |
| Microorganism(MO) | a living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope; also called a microbe |
| MRSA | an abbreviation for methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus; bacteria that have developed resistance to the antibiotic methicillin or other antibiotics |
| Mucous Membrane | the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals |
| Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) | microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatment |
| Noncommunicable disease | a disease not capable of being spread from one person to another |
| Nonintact skin | skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, surgical, incisions, or boils |
| Normal flora | microorganisms that normally live in and on the body and do not cause harm in a healthy person, as long as the flora remain in that particular location |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA) | a federal government agency that makes and enforces rules to protect workers from hazards on the job |
| Pathogens | microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease |
| Perineal Care | care of the genitals and anal area |
| Personal Protective Equipment(PPE) | equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards |
| Reinfection | being infected again with the same pathogen |
| Resistance | the body's ability to prevent infection and disease |
| Sanitation | ways individuals and communities maintain clean, hygienic conditions that help prevent disease, such as the disposal of sewage and solid waste |
| Standard Precautions | a method of infection prevention in which all blood,body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were with an infectious disease |
| Sterilization | cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms, including those that form spores |
| Surgical asepsis | the state of being completely free of microorganisms; also called sterile technique |
| Systemic infection | an infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms |
| Transmission | the way and means by which disease is spread |
| Vaccine | a product that is administered to produce immunity to a specific disease |
| VRE | an abbreviation for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus; bacteria (enterococci) that have developed resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin |
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