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Week 5 history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thomas Paine | Born in England, wrote for Pennsylvania Magazine, drawn into revolution (anti-imperial), made "Common Sense" that lead for independence. |
| Big idea: A widening rift | The revolution grew from a break between colonial expectations and British imperial control. |
| Big idea: Goverment by the people | Patriots opposed tyranny and defended local rights, turning protest into a full political revolution. |
| Big idea: Against the odds | An outmatched Continental Army, wins at Trenton and Saratoga, and French support turned the tide. |
| Big idea: Uneven outcomes | Women, enslaved people, Tories, and Native nations each experienced the Revolution very differently. |
| Big idea: Enduring questions | The new republic rejected monarchy yet still faced slavery, power, expansion, and the meaning of liberty. |
| Term: Seven Years' War | The French and Indian War; colonists fought beside Britain to defeat France, leaving the Crown deep in debt |
| Term: King George III | Took the British throne in 1760, tightened imperial control, and branded his rebelling colonists traitors. Authoritarian rule |
| Term: Coercive Acts | Harsh laws that punished Massachusetts; colonists called them the "Intolerable Acts" |
| Term: Sons of Liberty | Colonial activists who organized boycotts and mob actions against British policy. |
| Term: Tory/Tories | Colonists loyal to the Crown; "Tories" was a patriot slur for loyal subjects. |
| Term: Continental Congress | The colonial assembly that raised the Continental Army under Washington and sent the Olive Branch. |
| Term: Lexington and Concord | Massachusetts towns where war broke out in 1775 as British troops marched to seize militia arms. |
| Term: Olive Branch Petition | Moderates' appeal for peace with the king, which George III rejected outright. |
| Term: Common Sense | Thomas Paine's pamphlet making a plain-language cause against monarchy and for independence. |
| Term: Saratoga | The American victory in NY (the war's turning point) that brought France into the war. |
| Term: reaty of Paris | The treaty that ended the war, recognized U.S. Independence, and granted lands west to the Mississippi. |
| Timeline after Seven Years' War ends | Lexington & Concord war -> Independence declared -> Saratoga (france joins cause) -> British surrender at Yorktown -> Treaty of paris |
| The Proclamation Line | Barred colonial settlement west of the Appalachians, squeesing hopes for new land. |
| No taxation without consent | Colonists elected no members to Parliament, so they rejected its authority to tax them |
| The colonist views of empire | Saw themselves as fellow natural and essential citizens Believed their elected assemblies held real authority Widespread land ownership let common men vote Embraced republicanism: power corrupts |
| The crown views of empire | Viewed colonists as resource-producing base of tax-paying subjects Parliament's authority over the colonies was supreme Treated voting as an aristocratic privilege, not a common right Colonial republicanism as "low brow" for letting common folk vote |
| Protest becomes a movement | Colonists rejected British goods; homespun clothes was a badge of patriotism. Women circulated pamphlets, got signatures, joined riots Colonists split into Patriots ("Whigs"), loyal "Tories," and many caught in between |
| War begins: | British regiments march to Lexington & Concord, Massach. Paul Revere and others alerted towns of the raid. Colonial Minutemen drove the redcoats from Lexington to Boston. Britain retook heights above Boston in the misnamed: "Battle of Bunker Hill" |
| Congress takes up arms: raised an army | Continental Army, commander in chief-George Washington |
| Congress takes up arms: justified the fight | issued "Declaration of the Causes of Taking up Arms" to explain raising a force |
| Congress takes up arms: sought peace | moderates sent the Olive Branch Petition, hoping to harmonize with king |
| Congress takes up arms: Rejected outright | King George II branded colonists traitors "levying war" against Crown. |
| Common Sense and the Break | Thomas Paine's pamphlet made a language case against monarchy and for independence. Town meetings across colonies debated and backed resolutions for independence. Dunmore's proclamation offered freedom to enslaved ppl who joined British |
| Declaring Independence | Congress urges colonies to form a new revolutionary govrnt. Delegates vote 12-0 for independence; NY abstains amid a British attack. The public Declaration- drafted by Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, is presented |
| A fight for survival | Summer 1776: Britain lands largest invading force in NY history, to cut New England off from rest of colonies. Poorly equipped Continental Army retreats into New Jersey. Christmas night: Washington crosses Delaware and suprises Hessians at Trenton-win |
| Saratoga and the French Alliance | Divided British campaign left one army exposed, defeated at Saratoga, New York Victory convinced France, courted by Benjamin Franklin in Paris, to join America side. French entry forced Britain to fight France and India, splitting military |
| A New Way of War | Washington favored smaller tactics to keep war alive. Britain shifted South chasing loyalist support, Southern war became America's first civil war - patriots vs loyalists |
| Benedict Arnold | Defected to the British over a grievance with Washington, then told them how to capture him and end the war. |
| Cornwallis digs in at Yorktown | Washington marches south as French navy forces his surrender. |
| Sept 3 1783 | war officially ends |
| Treaty of Paris | Granted vast lands south of Canada and west to the Mississippi River |
Created by:
Brookelol