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Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular anatomy, conditions, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Upper chambers of the heart | Ventricles |
| Lower chambers of the heart | Atria |
| How many total chambers of the heart? | Four |
| What anatomical structure is responsible for gas exchange? | Alveoli |
| What type of blood is in the systemic veins? | Deoxygenated |
| What type of blood is in the systemic arteries? | Oxygenated |
| Which direction do all arteries function: towards or away from the heart? | Away from the heart |
| Which direction do all veins functoin: towards or away from the heart? | Towards the heart |
| What type of blood passes through the pulmonary arteries? | Deoxygenated |
| What type of blood passes through the pulmonary veins? | Oxygenated |
| Valve between the right atria and right ventricle | Tricuspid valve |
| Valve between the left atria and left ventricle | Mitral/bicuspid valve |
| Valve between the left ventricle and the body | Aortic |
| Valve between the right ventricle and the lungs | Pulmonary |
| MI | Myocardial Infarction |
| PE | Pulmonary Embolism |
| Infarction | Tissue death |
| Ischemia | Lack of blood flow |
| Edema | Fluid/swelling |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
| CHF | Congestive Heart Failure |
| ACS | Acute Coronary Syndrome |
| ECG | Electrocardiogram |
| C of CASH | Chest pain |
| A of CASH | Altered Mental Status |
| S of CASH | Shortness of Breath |
| H of CASH | Hypotension |
| Tachycardia | Fast heart rate |
| Bradycardia | Slow heart rate |
| SVT | Supraventricular Tachycardia |
| VT | Ventricular Tachycardia |
| VF | Ventricular Fibrillation |
| AFib | Atrial Fibrillation |
| PEA | Pulseless Electrical Activity |
| Asystole | No electrical or mechanical movement of the heart |
| Is VTach shockable or not shockable? | Shockable |
| Is VF shockable or not shockable? | Shockable |
| Is PEA shockable or not shockable? | Not shockable |
| Is asystole shockable or not shockable? | Not shockable |
| ALS Cardiac medication for bradycardia | Atropine |
| ALS Cardiac medication for tachycardia | Adenosine |
| What are the two main categories for heart rhythms? | Shockable and not shockable |
| Costochondritis | Inflammation of the intercostals and surrounding cartilage |
| Arteriosclerosis | Thickening and hardening of the arterial walls that reduces blood flow |
| Atherosclerosis | Build up of things like cholesterol, fat, or calcium in the body's blood vessels that reduces blood flow |
| Angina pectoris | Chest pain |
| CAD | Coronary artery disease |
| Coronary Artery Disease | Build up of plaque (calcium, fat, cholesterol, etc) in the heart's blood vessels and reduces effectiveness of the heart |
| NTG | Nitroglycerin |
| Arrythmia | Abnormal heart rhythm |
| Sinus rhythm | Normal heart rhythm |
| Septum | Wall that separates the left and right side of the heart |
| Myocardium | Muscle layer of the heart |
| Pericardium | Fluid-filled sac that sits around the heart |
| Endocardium | Inner lining of the heart |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Hypotension | Low blood pressure |
| Systolic BP | Pressure when the heart squeezes (contracts) |
| Diastolic BP | Pressure when the heart is at rest between contractions |
| Cardiac tamponade | Fluid building up around the heart and reduces pump effectiveness (this is a life threat) |
| Cardiac output formula | Stroke volume (how much blood is getting pumped) x HR (how many beats per minute) |
| Cardiac output | How much blood gets pumped out by the ventricles every minute |
| Stroke volume | How much blood gets pumped out by the ventricles in each beat |
| Preload | Volume and stretch of the ventricles before contraction |
| Afterload | Pressure that the left ventricle must overcome to push blood out to the body |
| SVR | Systemic Vascular Resistance |
| Systemic Vascular Resistance | Pressure that the blood must overcome to move within the blood vessels |
| Superior vena cavae | Brings blood from head and upper extremities back to the heart |
| Inferior vena cavae | Brings blood from abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities back to the heart |
| Automaticity | Special characteristic of cardiac muscle that allows the muscle to contract spontaneously |
| SA Node | Main relay between brain and heart for electrical impulses |
| Purkinje fibers | Specialized part of the heart that is in charge of ventricle contractions |
| Perfusion | Flow of oxygenated blood to tissues in the body |
| Aorta | Main artery that brings oxygenated blood from the left ventricle |
| AV Node | Delays heart electrical signals to make sure upper chambers are completely empty before telling lower chambers to contract |
Created by:
santafecollegeemt