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Civil War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abolitionist | a person who wanted to end slavery |
| Amputation | removal of a limb |
| Artillery | soldiers assigned to fire cannons |
| Bayonet | sword like attachments given to infantry to put on their Springfield |
| Border States | slave states that did not secede, but remained neutral at the start of the war |
| Casualties | the dead, missing, and wounded |
| Cavalry | soldiers who rode on horses |
| Civil War | a war between opposing groups of the same nation |
| Contrabands | escaped slaves |
| Cotton Diplomacy | an embargo of cotton to foreign nations who did not support the South |
| Demoralize | to take away someone’s moral or confidence |
| Emancipate | to free |
| Gangrene | infection causing tissue death |
| Hardtack | a hard cracker made with flour, water, and salt |
| Infantry | foot soldiers |
| Ironclads | ships covered in metal plates |
| Secede | to withdraw from an organization / group |
| Total War | war in which nothing is spared in order to win |
| What were the 4 important things we learned about Lincoln? | 1. Self-educated lawyer 2. Lost twice for U.S. Senate 3. First Republican presidential candidate 4. First president killed in office |
| What was the Republican position on slavery during the Election 1860? | to prohibit slavery in the territories |
| How was Abraham Lincoln able to win the Election of 1860? | The democrat’s division and a third party |
| Who was the first and only president of the Confederate States of America? | Jefferson Davis |
| What battle were the “first shots: of the Civil War fired? (1st battle) | Fort Sumter |
| How many people died at Fort Sumter? | None |
| Who was initially asked to lead the Union Army of the Potomac? | Robert E. Lee |
| Why did Lee turn down command of the Union’s Army of the Potomac? | He did not want to lead the Northern army against his home state of Virginia and his family. |
| NORTH- what 2 names did they call the war? | 1. War of Secession 2. War of Rebellion |
| SOUTH- what 2 names did they call the war? | 1. War of Southern Independence 2. War of Northern Aggression |
| Goal of the North? | To preserve the U.S.A. (Union) and get the seceded states to return. |
| Goal of the South? | To protect their states’ rights and preserve slavery |
| What color was the Union’s uniform? | navy blue |
| What color did most Confederates wear? | grey |
| Nickname for Union soldiers? | Yanks |
| Nickname for Confederate soldiers? | Rebs |
| North’s advantages? (3) | 1. More men 2. More industry (includes better communication) 3. More railroads |
| South’s advantages? (3) | 1. Better military leaders 2. Knowledge of terrain 3. Only need to defend |
| What was the North’s strategy? (3) | 1. Block the Southern ports 2. Control Mississippi River 3. Capture South’s Capital |
| What type of snake is squeezing the South until it surrenders? | constrictor snake |
| What was the South’s strategy? (2) | 1. Defend the South until the North gets tired of fighting 2. Gain support from Britain and France |
| What two factors led to high casualties in the U.S. Civil War? | New technology, old fighting styles |
| What battle did northern politicians and wealthy aristocrats have a picnic before the Union soldiers retreated? | First battle of Bull Run |
| What famous nickname did General Thomas Jackson earn at the Battle of Bull Run? | Stonewall |
| Why was George McClellan a poor battlefield general? | He was too cautious and did not use his advantages. |
| What former slave met with Lincoln and influenced his decision to emancipate the slaves? | Fredrick Douglass |
| What battle was considered a “victory” for the North and allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation? (Although he still fired MCClellen) | Battle of Antietam |
| How did the Emancipation Proclamation hurt the South? | 1. Difficult to pay for war - no cotton pickers 2. Kept Britain out |
| How were black soldiers in the Union army treated differently than whites (3 major differences) | They were in all black regiments, could not be officers, and earned less pay that white soldiers |
| What did Clara Barton create after the war? | The Red Cross |
| How did Ulysses S. Grant’s victory at Vicksburg help the North? | Union controls the Mississippi River and divided the Confederacy |
| Why was Ulysses S. Grant a successful battlefield general? | He used his number advantage and took chances |
| What battle was the only major one fought in the North and is considered the turning point of the war? | Battle of Gettysburg |
| Who was the “Hero of Little Round Top” at the Battle of Gettysburg? (He led the bayonet charge) | Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain |
| What failed frontal assault (charge) by the Confederates led to 7000 Confederate casualties and led to them losing Gettysburg? | Pickett’s Charge |
| Why did Lincoln give the Gettysburg Address - what was being dedicated that day? | Nation’s first national cemetery |
| What Union general led the destructive “March to the Sea?” Through Georgia- helping Lincoln win re-election? | William Tecumseh Sherman |
| What tactic does William Tecumseh Sherman use in which nothing was spared (everything of use is destroyed) | Total War |
| What does this picture show? (tree with bent railroad pieces around it) | Sherman’s necktie |
| What battle did Lee finally surrender to Grant to end the war? | Appotomattox Court House |
| Approximately how many men died in the U.S. Civil War? | 618000 |
| Ultimately, why does the North win the war? | Lincoln, larger population, and industry |
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