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Peds Exam 1
Toddler & Preschooler Child Development And Health Promotion pt 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| developmental milestones are tracked until | 5 years old |
| physical growth in preschooler: musculoskeletal | Increasing bone length Height- grow 6.35 to 7.62 cm (2.5-3 in) per year Weight- gain 1.8-2.3 kg (4-5 lbs.) per year Lose pot bellied look, more slender Muscles mature and strengthen |
| Muscles mature and strengthen in preschoolers so risk for | overuse injury |
| most children are toilet trained by preschool but | boys later than girls |
| gross motor skills at 3 years | Climbs well, runs easily Pedals a tricycle Bends over without falling |
| fine motor skills at 3 years | Feeds self with fork Copies circle Builds town of 9-10 blocks Strings items together- large beads Undressed self, puts on loose clothing |
| gross motor skills at 4 years | Stands on 1 foot up to 5 seconds Throws a ball overhead Kicks ball forward Catches bounced ball |
| fine motor skills at 4 years | Draws person-2-4 body parts, circles, squares Copies capital letters Uses scissors Shows hand preference |
| gross motor skills at 5 years | Hops on one foot Swings and climbs well Stands 1 foot > 10 seconds May skip, skate, swim Somersaults |
| fine motor skills at 5 years | Dresses/undresses independently, fastens some buttons Ties shoelaces Prints letters Draws person -at least 6 parts Mostly cares for own toileting needs |
| what grade are kids starting at 5 | kindergarten |
| Cognitive Development Preschooler Piaget Stage | Piaget- pre-operational stage (2-7 years) |
| Cognitive Development Preschooler | Egocentric to social awareness Magical thinking Imaginary friends Symbolic play (pretend play) Animisms Literal Easily fooled and easily confused Irreversibility Cannot tell time |
| Imaginary friends in preschoolers because | can't separate imaginary vs reality |
| animisms in preschoolers | inanimate objects come to life |
| preschoolers are Easily fooled and easily confused because they | don't understand conservation |
| preschoolers cannot tell time so | relate time to TV shows |
| in preschoolers, comprehension out paces speech so | stuttering is normal until about age 8 |
| language development in 3 yo | 900-word vocabulary Knows own name and age Asks “why” constantly Short, complete sentences |
| language development in 4 yo | 1,500-word vocabulary Complete sentences of 4 or more words Endless questions, exaggerated stories Knows some basic colors, counts a few numbers Counts a few numbers |
| language development in 5 yo | 2,100-word vocabulary Sentences of 6–8 words Talks about past, future and imaginary events States name and address Counts to 10 |
| language development in 6 yo | Mastered sh, l, th and r Bilingual children may lag slightly, but can differentiate and use both languages |
| Body Image development in preschoolers | Recognize differences, appearance, skin color, racial identity Vulnerable to learning prejudices and biases Poorly defined body boundaries Concerned regarding integrity of skin so bandaids are key!! |
| preschoolers know the meaning of what words r/t body image | pretty, ugly |
| sexuality development in preschoolers | Strong attachment to opposite sex parent Identify with same sex parent Role playing Sexual exploration- exploring and manipulating genitalia |
| psychological development in preschoolers: Erikson stage | Initiative vs. Guilt (3–6 years) — two paths from the same behavior |
| initiative | Trying out new ways of doing things Creativity and imagination flourish Begins assuming responsibility |
| guilt | Behaviors showing initiative are discouraged Child stops trying — passivity develops |
| basically guilt happens if | parents don't accept their creativity and curiosity |
| Moral Development in Preschoolers: Kohlberg-Preconventional | KNOW Perceive rules as definite- need no further explanation Believe rules are set by others Learn standard of acceptable behavior May fight, bite, lie |
| why might preschoolers fight, bite, or lie | to avoid getting in trouble |
| preschoolers perceive rules as definite- need no further explanation meaning | they don't understand why the rule is there |
| cultural influences in preschoolers | Prejudice or bias learned from home Values influenced by attitudes of tolerance or bias Self concept influenced by family values |
| play for preschoolers is often | Role-playing for later life |
| preschoolers love what kind of play | imaginary (3-6 years) |
| preschoolers become increasingly what | social! |
| parallel play | toddler, independent but among others |
| associative play | 3-4 years, building blocks with each other but there is no goal |
| cooperative play | 4-5 years, collaborate to build tower, achieve their goal |
| activities for preschoolers | KNOW: playing ball, puzzles, pretend, dress up, play medical kit, hand puppets, books, sand box, musical toys, electronic games, computer program, reading |
| nutrition in preschoolers | 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day No sugar-sweetened beverages Try to limit sugar |
| sleep and rest in preschoolers | 10–13 hours a day, including naps Keep a consistent bedtime ritual Nightlight helps with fear of the dark |
| nightmares in preschoolers | Occurs in the second half of the night Child wakes fully and is interactive Remembers the dream Often hard to fall back asleep |
| what is important for parents to do when preschooler has nightmare | important for them to go back to bed, it will help them overcome! |
| night terrors in preschoolers | Shortly after falling asleep Wakes screaming, only partially awake Does not respond to the parent - child still seems asleep Returns to sleep with no memory of it |
| water safety with preschoolers | Teach the child to swim Never leave unattended in the bath or near a pool |
| wheels and play with preschoolers | Wear protective equipment: helmet and pads Supervise all outdoor play |
| street safety with preschoolers | Teach pedestrian safety No playing near the curb or parked cars |
| firearm safety with preschoolers | Keep all firearms locked and stored separately from ammunition |
| leading cause of death in 1-4 year olds | unitentional injury |
Created by:
leh195