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Mobility
PNP101 Module 2 D,E
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contracture | Permanent or severe tightening and shortening of muscles, tendons, skin, or other soft tissues that leads to joint stiffness and a loss of normal range of motion. |
| Footdrop | The inability to lift the front part of the foot, which causes the toes to drag when walking. |
| Dorsiflexion | Upward movement of the foot or hand |
| Plantar flexion | Pointing of the foot and toes downward. |
| Logroll | A maneuver is used to move an injured patient while keeping the spine completely straight. |
| Shearing | A force that occurs when the outer skin stays in place (often stuck to a sheet or chair) while the deeper underlying bone and muscle move in the opposite direction. |
| Cardiovascular Effects of Immobility | Reduction of bloodflow, blood clots, embolus, heart attack, orthostatic hypotension |
| Measures to prevent cardiovascular complications of immobility | Movement of the extremities, devices that prevent pooling in the legs, changing position frequently |
| Body Mechanics | The way you move, hold, and position your body during daily activities like sitting, standing, lifting, and walking. It uses the coordinated efforts of your muscles, bones, and nervous system to keep you balanced and safe |
| Ambulation | The act or ability of walking and moving from place to place. |
| Mobility | Shifting from one spot to another, with or without mobility aids. |
| Why are ambulation and mobility important? | They are essential for recovery and overall wellbeing. |
| ROM | Range of Motion Abbreviation |
| Active ROM | Distance and direction of a joint when voluntarily moved by the patient. |
| Passive ROM | Distance and direction of a joint when moved by an external force (typically a HCP). |
| VTE | Venous Thromboembolism |
| Who is it risk of a VTE? | Patients on bedrest or who are immobile. |
| Thromboembolitic Device (TED) (also called antiembolitic device) | Stockings that provide continuous pressure to the lower extremities to keep blood from pooling and blood clots from developing. |
| Sequential/Pneumatic Compression Devices (SCD/PCD) | Provide intermittent compression on the lower extremities to promote venous return. |
| What precautions need to be taken when using TEDs or SCD/PCDs? | They need to be removed at least every 8 hours to assess skin condition and circulation. |
| Gait Transfer Belt | Device placed around the waist of a patient to assist nurses with transfer and ambulation. |
| Transfer Board | A board laid under a patient to slide them from their bed to a stretcher and vice versa. |
| Draw Sheet | Fabric placed under the patient to aid in reposition them in bed. |
| How often should a patient be repositioned? | Every 2 hours |
| Footboard | A device that prevents footdrop and keeps dorsiflexion. |
| Trochanter Rolls | Rolled up towels that keep the hip in a neutral position used for weak or paralyzed patients. |
| Handroll | A rolled washcloth placed in the patient's hand to keep the functional position of the hand. |
| Lateral Position | Relieves pressure on the sacrum. |
| Sim's Position | Used for patients recieving an enema or perineal exam/care. |
| Orthopneic Position | Used for patients with breathing problems lying down. Provides maximum expansion of the chest. |
| Trendelenburg Position | Used for poor peripheral circulation and promoting venous return. |
| Reverse Trendelenburg Position | Comforts gastrointestinal issues and prevents/minimizes reflux. |
| Continuous Passive Movement (CPM) Device | `Gently extends and flexes joints to prescribed degree and prescribed speed. |
| 4 Point Gait | Move on crutch forward, then move the same side foot to the same distance as the crutch. Do the same on the other side and repeat. |
| 3 Point Gait | Move both crutches forward with the weight on the unaffected leg. Lean on the crutches and swing the unaffected leg forward to move. |
| 2 Point Gait | Move one crutch and alternating leg forward. Repeat. |
| Swing-to-Gait | During the 3 point gait, swing the unaffected leg to meet the crutches. |
| Swing-Through-Gait | During the 3 point gait, swing the unaffected leg ahead of the crutches. |
| Which side of the body should patients hold their crutches when sitting down? | The unaffected side of the body. |
| External Fixator | A stabilizing metal frame placed outside the body with pins that go through the skin and into the bone to hold fractured or deformed bones in proper alignment. |
| Arthroplasty | Surgical joint replacement where a damaged or diseased joint is repaired or replaced with an artificial device called a prosthesis. |
| Immobilization | The process of stopping or limiting the movement of a body part, object, or substance to promote healing, prevent damage, or control function. |
| Skeletal Traction | An orthopedic medical procedure that uses a system of pins, wires, or screws surgically placed directly into a bone, attached to ropes, pulleys, and weights to gently realign and stabilize fractured bones. |
| Spica | A hard body cast made of plaster or fiberglass used to immobilize a joint. |
| Stump | An adaptive medical device or wheelchair accessory designed to comfortably rest and position a residual limb for individuals with limb loss during daily mobility. |
Created by:
marinareagankhan