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Respiratory
Respiratory vocab, problems, lung sounds, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crackles | Indicates fluid in lungs |
| Rales | Indicates fluid in lungs |
| Ronchi | Indicates mucus in lungs |
| Stridor | Typically on inhalation, indicates upper airway problem |
| Wheezing | Typically on exhalation, indicates lower airway problem |
| Agonal | Early sign of cardiac arrest; abnormal |
| Absent | No breathing sounds |
| Vesicular | Clear breathing sounds |
| Spontaneous | Patient is breathing on their own |
| Unilateral | Indicates problem with one side/lung |
| Diminished | Indicates the progression of a respiratory problem |
| Cheyenne Stokes | Deep, fast breathing with periods of apnea |
| What does Cheyenne Stokes respirations indicate? | Brain injury; part of Cushing's Triad; hypoxia |
| Kussmaul | Deep, fast, and labored breathing typically with fruity breath odor |
| What does Kussmaul respirations indicate? | Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| Examples of upper airway problems | anaphylaxis, FBAO, croup, epiglottitis |
| Examples of lower airway problems | Asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis |
| Example of lung tissue problems | COPD, pneumonia |
| Aspiration | emesis or foreign material in the lungs |
| Apnea | No breathing |
| Dyspnea | Difficulty breathing |
| Bradypnea | Slow breathing |
| Tachypnea | Fast breathing |
| Ventilation | Movement of air between lungs and environment |
| Perfusion | Oxygen getting into the blood/tissues in the body |
| Inspiration | Breathing in |
| Expiration | Breathing out |
| Inhalation | Inspiration |
| Exhalation | Expiration |
| Stoma | Surgical opening to the body |
| Retractions | Skin pulls in around the ribs during inhalation |
| Sputum | Mucus that patient coughs out of their lungs |
| Pink, frothy sputum | Blood and air mixing in lungs |
| Red or pink sputum | Blood in lungs |
| Green or yellow sputum | Infection in lungs |
| Grey, black, or brown sputum | Smoke inhalation |
| Potential causes for pink, frothy sputum | Pulmonary embolism and CHF |
| Tension pneumothorax | Air built up the point it is affecting breathing severely and impacting cardiac function |
| What treatment do tension pneumothorax patients need? | ALS needs to do needle decompression or finger thoracotomy |
| Spontaneous pneumothorax | Common in tall, thin men; blebs (air pockets) burst inside the lungs and cause air to build up; less severe. Can turn into a tension pneumothorax if pressure keeps building |
| Open pneumothorax | Air building up in chest cavity due to opening in the chest |
| Causes for open pneumothorax | GSW, puncture wounds, stabbings, etc |
| Hypoxia | Lack of oxygen in tissues |
| Hypoxemia | Lack of oxygen in blood |
| Jaw thrust | Airway maneuver for patients with spinal precautions; moves the mandible/jaw to open the airway |
| Head Tilt Chin Lift | Airway maneuver for patients without spinal precautions; tilts the head to open the airway |
| NRB | Non-rebreather |
| NC | Nasal cannula |
| BVM | Bag Valve Mask |
| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure |
| What type of pressure do CPAP and BVM use? | Positive pressure |
| What O2 sat do we use NC for? | 90-94 |
| What O2 sat do we use NRB for? | 89-80 |
| What O2 sat do we use BVM for? | 79 or lower |
| What is CPAP used for? | Fluid in the lungs |
| Rate for NC | 2-6 L/min |
| Rate for NRB | 10-15 L/min |
| Rate for BVM | 10-15 L/min |
| Croup | Viral infection causing upper airway inflammation, common in kids |
| Epiglottitis | Inflammation of epiglottis, common in kids |
| Pneumonia | Lung infection |
| Bronchiolitis | Lung infection that inflames/clogs bronchioles, common in kids |
| Cystic fibrosis | Genetic condition with thick buildup of mucus in the lungs |
| Anaphylaxis | upper airway constriction and vasodilation |
| FBAO | Foreign Body Airway Obstruction |
| What populations are most prone to respiratory problems? | Pediatrics and geriatrics |
| Tracheostomy | Surgical opening in the trachea that becomes the patient's new airway |
| COPD 2 conditions | Emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
| Emphysema | Alveoli damage, altering ability for gas to be exchanged |
| Bronchitis | Inflammation of bronchial tubes, leading to excess mucus production |
Created by:
santafecollegeemt