concept of radiation protection that states all exposures should be kept “as low as reasonably achievable”.

negative electrode in the x-ray tube.

overall darkness or blackness of an image.

A negatively charged part of the cathode that focuses electrons toward the focal spot of the anode.

highest voltage of x-ray tube used during an exposure.

time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of image.

Controls the quantity of x-rays produced by controlling the number of electrons flowing through the x-ray tube.

Periapical film showing dark areas as radiolucent

is a form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path through interaction with matter.

x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter.

A form of electromagnetic radiation with enough energy to penetrate tissues and produce ionization. X-rays are used to create radiographic images.

intraoral technique of exposing dental images where the x-ray beam is directed, perpendicular to an imaginary line which bisects the angle.

A radiographic error that occurs when the x-ray beam does not completely cover the image receptor, leaving a clear or unexposed area on the radiograph.

of images is caused by insufficient (not enough) vertical angulation, or vertical angulation that is too “flat”

of images results from excessive vertical angulation

occurs when an electron is removed from the orbital shell of the electronically stable atom.

A structure or material that absorbs or blocks x-rays and therefore appears white or light on a radiograph. Examples include enamel, dentin, bone, amalgam, crowns, and other metal restorations.

Cephalometeric radiograph

shows the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profile.

electronic signals captured by sensors and displayed on computer monitors.

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Radiology Terminolog

Term	Definition	examples
ALARA	concept of radiation protection that states all exposures should be kept “as low as reasonably achievable”.	Using the lowest exposure time needed for a dental X-ray.
cathode	negative electrode in the x-ray tube.	Filament in the X-ray tube.
density	overall darkness or blackness of an image.	Metal appears very light because it absorbs X-rays.
Focusing Cup	A negatively charged part of the cathode that focuses electrons toward the focal spot of the anode.	The cup focuses electrons onto the tungsten target.
Kilovoltage	highest voltage of x-ray tube used during an exposure.	Increasing kVp makes the beam more penetrating.
latent period	time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of image.	A person receives a high dose of radiation today, but the biological effects (such as tissue damage) may not become noticeable until weeks, months, or even years later.
Milliamperage	Controls the quantity of x-rays produced by controlling the number of electrons flowing through the x-ray tube.	Increasing mA increases image density.
primary radiation	same as primary beam.	The useful beam exposing the teeth.
Radiolucent	Periapical film showing dark areas as radiolucent	Air spaces, soft tissue, pulp chambers, and caries.
scatter radiation	is a form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path through interaction with matter.	Radiation scattered from the patient’s body.
secondary radiation	x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter.	Scatter radiation coming from the patient.
X-ray	A form of electromagnetic radiation with enough energy to penetrate tissues and produce ionization. X-rays are used to create radiographic images.	A dental bitewing X-ray.
Bisecting technique	intraoral technique of exposing dental images where the x-ray beam is directed, perpendicular to an imaginary line which bisects the angle.	Periapical imaging using the bisecting-angle technique.
Cone-Cutting	A radiographic error that occurs when the x-ray beam does not completely cover the image receptor, leaving a clear or unexposed area on the radiograph.	A clear/white curved area on a radiograph.
Elongation	of images is caused by insufficient (not enough) vertical angulation, or vertical angulation that is too “flat”	Incorrect vertical angulation that is too low.
Foreshortening	of images results from excessive vertical angulation	Excessive vertical angulation.
ionization	occurs when an electron is removed from the orbital shell of the electronically stable atom.	X-rays removing electrons from tissue atoms.
Radiopaque	A structure or material that absorbs or blocks x-rays and therefore appears white or light on a radiograph. Examples include enamel, dentin, bone, amalgam, crowns, and other metal restorations.	Enamel, bone, metal fillings, and crowns.
Cephalometeric radiograph	shows the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profile.	A lateral cephalogram used to assess jaw relationships.*
digital image	electronic signals captured by sensors and displayed on computer monitors.	A digital intraoral sensor producing an image on a computer.

Created by: willied252

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