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Radiology Term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ALARA | (As Low As Reasonably Achievable): A radiation safety principle that means using the lowest amount of radiation possible while still obtaining a diagnostic image. Examples: |
| Cathode | Negative electrode in the x-ray tube. Example:The negative electrode in the X-ray tube. It contains the filament and focusing cup and produces electrons when heated. |
| Density | Overall darkness or blackness of an image. Example: |
| Focusing cup | A negatively charged metal cup within the cathode that directs and concentrates electrons toward the tungsten target of the anode. Example: |
| Kilovoltage kVp | Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of image. Example: |
| Latent period/image | Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of image. Example: |
| Milliamperage | One one-thousandth (1/1000) of an ampere; a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an electrical current. Example: |
| Primary radiation | Is created when the x-rays of the primary beam contact the patient’s tissues Example: Is often referred to as the useful beam, or primary beam |
| Radiolucent | Body structures that radiation can easily pass through. Example: Air spaces, soft tissues, abscesses, tooth decay, and dental pulp. |
| Scatter radiation | A form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path through interaction with matter |
| Secondary radiation | X-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter. Example: Is created when the x-rays of the primary beam contact the patient’s tissues |
| X-ray | High-energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation Example: Imaging of the teeth |
| Bisecting technique | An X-ray technique where the beam is aimed at an imaginary line that divides the angle between the tooth and the receptor into two equal parts. Example: Taking X-rays when a patient has a small mouth |
| Cone-cutting | An error that occurs when the X-ray beam is not centered on the image receptor, resulting in a clear, unexposed area on the radiograph. Example: White semicircle on the radiograph |
| Elongation | An image distortion that causes the tooth to appear longer than its actual size, usually caused by insufficient vertical angulation. Example: |
| Foreshortening | An image distortion that causes the tooth to appear shorter than its actual size, usually caused by excessive vertical angulation. Example: Tooth looks too short |
| Ionization | The process by which a neutral atom gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically charged. X-rays can cause ionization when they interact with matter. Example: Atom loses an electron |
| Radiopaque | Images are structures that are dense and resist the passage of radiation causing the image to appear light or white depending on the density. Example:Bone, amalgam fillings, implants, and braces. |
| Cephalometeric radiograph | Shows the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profile. Example:Braces treatment |
| Digital image | Electronic signals captured by sensors and displayed on computer monitors. Example: X-ray viewed on a computer |
Created by:
Phildrado