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Studying Children

QuestionAnswer
criteria for scientific description (3 things) -go in unbiased (be objective) -be reliable (can we replicate the results?) -valid: are you measuring what you think you're measuring? are the results representative/generalizable?
Generalizability the extent to which our findings are valid for individuals outside of our study (often tied to theoretical issues)
factors influencing choice of method -research question MOST IMPORTANT factor of research, theoretical bias, research tradition + skills of the researcher, age of person
economic factors influencing choice of method -cost of doing research -research funds available -equipment/facilities available -space/time available
ethical factors influencing choice of method -psychological harm -physical harm -loss of confidentiality
what was the monster study? a group of orphans were assigned to an experimental condition. praised when they already had a stutter, belittled/humiliated when a kid didn't stutter the kids didn't have stutters but psych. problems
why was the monster study considered not ethical? it caused physical and psychological harm to the children, and the children didn't consent to being studied
what was the robber's cave experiment? took boys to a summer camp, divided them, then created competition between the two groups. then, the researchers created situations where the boys had to work together to solve a problem
Was this ethical? it wasn't consensual, kids got hurt, however information was gathered (competition between groups caused conflict, while sharing goals requiring cooperation reduced conflict)
what was considered a modern day Robber's Cave? kid nation: a TV show where 40 kids had 40 days to build a new world with no adults
U of Alabama study examined effects of varying levels of oxygen in infants and how it affected their health and development
why was the U of Alabama study not ethical? some infants got hurt or even died. also, the researchers weren't careful about telling parents the risk of participating (all doses were given in a healthy amount)
why are children considered a special population regarding ethical consideration? they're not as able to provide voluntary consent, make judgements of risks/benefits, and more likely to be influenced by authority. additionally, it usually requires parental consent for studies
natural observation watch children and families in the world (great for parenting)
structured observation creating a consistent environment for comparison among children & families. families are brought into said environment, see what they do/how they react
what are some factors with structured observation? -easier with digital technology (can rewatch) -more time-consuming and costly -improves reliability of measures
what is an example of natural observation? being in a supermarket watching children take items off shelf, watch parent's reaction
why are interviews good for children? you can ask them open ended or highly structured questions
retrospective interview past behavior (ex. in the past month...)
prospective interview ongoing behavior--> diary-like (ex. today i ate...)
what are phone app studies and what are they good for? someone gets beeped, then they respond to a statement. it helps understand how adolescents regulate their emotions throughout the day
what is a repeated measures design? when the same children are tested multiple times. so each child acts as their own comparison. then an intervention is done, and it's measured to see if the intervention was successful
what is preferential looking? a researcher shows an infant two or more visual stimuli at the same time and observes which one the infant looks at longer
what was determined that infants prefer looking at? things that are complex, things that move, and novel things
Created by: madalynes
 

 



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