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Skeletal System
Medical terms related to skeletal system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| a- | absence of, without |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | towards |
| brady- | slow |
| dys- | painful, difficult, abnormal, labored |
| hyper- | above, excessive |
| inter- | between |
| intra- | within, in |
| poly- | many, much |
| sub- | below, under |
| supra- | above |
| sym- | together, joined |
| syn- | together, joined |
| ankyl/o | stiff, bent |
| aponeur/o | aponeurosis |
| arthr/o | joint |
| burs/o | bursa |
| carp/o | carpals, wrist |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| clavic/o | clavicle, collarbone |
| clavicul/o | clavicle, collarbone |
| cost/o | ribs |
| crani/o | cranium |
| disk/o | intervertebral disk |
| femor/o | femur, upper leg bone |
| fibul/o | fibula, lower leg bone |
| humer/o | humerus, upper arm bone |
| ili/o | ilium |
| ischi/o | ischium |
| kinesi/o | movement, motion |
| kyph/o | increased convexity of the spine |
| lord/o | bent forward, increased concavity of the spine |
| lumb/o | loin, lumbar region of the spine |
| mandibul/o | mandible, lower jawbone |
| maxill/o | maxilla, upper jawbone |
| menisc/o | meniscus, crescent |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| oste/o | bone |
| patell/o | patella, kneecap |
| pelv/i | pelvis, pelvic bone |
| pelv/o | pelvis, pelvic bone |
| petr/o | stone |
| phalang/o | phalanges, bones of fingers and toes |
| pub/o | pubis |
| rachi/o | vertebral spine, vertebral column |
| radi/o | nerve root |
| scapul/o | scapula, shoulder blade |
| scoli/o | crooked, curved |
| spondyl/o | vertebra, spine, vertebral column |
| stern/o | sternum, breastbone |
| tars/o | tarsals, ankle bones |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| tend/o | tendon |
| tibi/o | tibia, lower leg bone |
| uln/o | ulna, lower arm bone |
| vertebr/o | vertebra, spine, vertebral column |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -algia | pain |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -centensis | surgical puncture to aspirate fluid |
| -clasia | break |
| -clasis | break |
| -clast | break |
| -desis | surgical fixation, fusion |
| -ectomy | excision, surgical removal, cutting out |
| -gram | the record, radiographic imaging |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -lysis | loosening, separating, dissolution |
| -malacia | softening |
| -oid | resembling |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -penia | abnormal reduction |
| -physis | growth |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhaphy | suturing, repairing |
| -sarcoma | malignant tumor |
| -schisis | split, fissure |
| -scopy | process of viewing, visual examination |
| -tomy | incision, cut into |
| -trophy | nourishment, development |
| synovectomy | excision of the synovial membrane |
| lumbosacral | pertaining to the region of the back that includes the lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and nearby structures |
| hematopoiesis | production of blood cells |
| osteonecrosis | abnormal condition of bone death (lack of blood supply) |
| diskectomy | excision of the intervertebral disk |
| osteochondritis | inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| tendinitis | inflammation of the tendon |
| lumbar | pertaining to the lumbar region of the spine (L1 to L5) |
| synovial sarcoma | malignant tumor of the synovial membrane |
| hypertrophy | the enlargement of muscles |
| kyphosis | an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region |
| scoliosis | lateral curvature of the spine |
| osteomalacia | a softening of adult bones due to vitamin D deficiency |
| osteoporosis | disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation |
| osteocyte | bone cell |
| chondromalacia | degeneration of cartilage |
| vertebroplasty | a procedure used to repair a bone in the spine that has a break caused by cancer, osteoporosis or trauma |
| hyperkinesia | excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole |
| arthroplasty | joint replacement surgery |
| spondylosis | a degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the vertebra, intervertebral disk and surrounding soft tissue |
| osteoarthritis | the most common type of arthritis, associated with aging and "wear and tear" of the articular cartilage |
| amphiarthrosis | a slightly mobile joint |
| arthroscopy | process of viewing a joint using an endoscope |
| osteopenia | abnormally low bone mass or bone mineral density |
| arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint |
| discitis | inflammation of the intervertebral disk |
| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from a joint |
| spondylarthritis | inflammation of the joints of the spine |
| bradykinesia | condition of slow movement |
| dyskinesia | abnormal involuntary movements of the extremities, trunk or jaw |
| ankylosis | fixation and immobility of a joint |
| muscular dystrophy | a general term for the group of inherited myopathies that are characterized by wasting and weakness of the skeletal muscle |
| diarthrosis | freely mobile joints |
| craniotomy | an operation in which a piece of the skull is removed |
| pelvic | pertaining to the pelvis |
| synarthrosis | an immobile or nearly immobile joint |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone and bone marrow |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the synovial membrane of the tendon |
| osteopetrosis | abnormal condition of porous bones |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| arthrography | processing of recording a joint |
| lordosis | excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region; also called swayback |
| arthritis | chronic inflammation of the synovial joints |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa near a joint |
| osteitis | inflammation of bone |
| osteoblast | the cell responsible for forming new bone |
| osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of bone |
| sarcopenia | age-related muscle atrophy |
| axial skeleton | forms the vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of the head, neck, chest and back |
| Frontal (skull) | forms the forehead |
| parietal (skull) | the upper lateral sides of the cranium |
| occipital (skull) | the posterior skull and base of the cranial cavity |
| temporal (skull) | the lower lateral sides of the cranium |
| sphenoid (skull) | the 'keystone' bone that forms part of the base of the skull and eye sockets |
| ethmoid (skull) | forms part of the nose and orbit and base of the cranium |
| auditory ossicles (skull) | the small bones of the middle ear |
| external auditory meatus (skull) | the external opening of the ear and temporal bone |
| zygomatic (face) | the cheekbone |
| maxillary (face) | the upper jaw and hard palate |
| palatine (face) | the lateral walls of the nose |
| lacrimal (face) | the walls of the orbit |
| inferior conchae (face) | the lower lateral wall of the nasal cavity |
| vomer (face) | the bone that separates the left and right nasal cavity |
| mandible (face) | the lower jaw bone (the only moveable bone of the skull) |
| hyoid (face) | the bone located between the mandible and larynx, not connected to other bones |
| cervical (vertebrae) | C1-C7, the first vertebrae in the neck region |
| thoracic (vertebrae) | T1 to T12, the next 12 vertebrae that form the outward curvature of the spine |
| lumbar (vertebrae) | L1 to L5, the next 5 vertebrae that form the inner curvature of the spine |
| sacrum (vertebrae) | the triangular-shaped bone at the base of the spine |
| coccyx (vertebrae) | the tailbone |
| attached to the front of the sternum | 7 true ribs |
| attached to the cartilage that joins the sternum | 3 false ribs |
| not attached to the front of the sternum | 2 floating ribs |
| sternum | breast bone |
| manubrium | the upper portion of the breast bone |
| body | the middle portion of the breast bone |
| xiphoid process | the lower portion of the breast bone and is made up of cartilage |
| appendicular skeleton | includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton |
| scapula | the shoulder blades |
| clavicle | the collarbone, which connects the sternum to the scapula |
| acromion | the extension that forms the bony point of the shoulder |
| humerus | the bone in the upper arm |
| radius | the bone that runs thumb-side of the forearm |
| ulna | the bone that runs on the side of the little finger of the forearm |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| metacarpals | the bones in the palm |
| phalanges | the finger and toe bones |
| pelvic girdle | the hip or coxal bone; it is formed by the fusion of three bones during adolescence |
| illium | the largest part of the hip bone |
| ischium | the lower portion of pelvic girdle |
| pubis | the anterior portion of pelvic girdle |
| pelvis | consists of four bones; the left and right hip bones as well as the sacrum and coccyx |
| acetabulum | the large socket in the pelvic bones that holds the head of the femur |
| femur | the thigh bone and is also referred to as the upper leg bone; it is the longest and strongest bone in the human body |
| patella | kneecap |
| tibia | the shin bone; it is a medial bone and the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg |
| fibula | the smaller of the lower leg bones |
| tarsals | the ankle bones (7 total) |
| malleolus | the bony protrusions of the ankle bones |
| talus | the superior ankle bones |
| calcaneus | the heel bones |
| metatarsals | the foot bones |
| phalanges | the bones of the toes |
| articulations | where two bone surfaces meet |
| cartilage | the elastic connective tissue that is found at the ends of bones, nose tip, etc |
| synovial membrane | the lining or covering of synovial joints |
| synovial fluid | the lubricating fluid found between synovial joints |
| ligaments | the tough, elastic connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
| tendons | the fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| bursa | the closed, fluid-filled sacs that work as a cushion |
| meniscus | C-shaped cartilage that acts as shock absorbers between bones |
| flexion | anterior bending of the neck or body |
| extension | movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint (straightens the joint) |
| abduction | moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes |
| adduction | movement that brings the limb or hand toward or across the midline of the body, or brings the fingers or toes together |
| inversion | foot movement in which the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline |
| eversion | foot movement in which the bottom of the foot is turned laterally, away from the midline |
| supination | forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm backward to the palm forward position |
| rotation | movement of a bone around a central axis or around its long axis |
| flexion | movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a join (bends the joint) |
| pronation | forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position |
| Osteoporosis | A disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation |
| Arthritis | Chronic inflammation of the synovial joints |
| Edema | Swelling due to excessive liquid in the tissues |
| Arthralgia | Joint pain |
| ankylosis | Fixation and immobility of a joint |
| Osteoarthritis | The most common type of arthritis; associated with aging and "wear and tear" of the articular cartilage |
| Flares | A transient exacerbation of symptoms of an existing disease or condition |
| Remission | A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms |
| Myathenia gravis | A disease in which antibodies made by a persons immune system prevent certain nerve-muscle interactions, causing weaking in the arms and legs, vision problems, and drooping eyelids or head |
| Fracture | A broken bone |
| Closed or simple (fracture) | Bones are broken but do not protrude the skin |
| Open or compound (fracture) | bones are broken and pierce through the skin |
| Transverse (fracture) | bone is broken straight across |
| Spiral (fracture) | the bone has twisted apart |
| Comminuted (fracture) | bones are broken and crushed into pieces |
| Greenstick (fracture) | bones are partially broken; occurs mainly in children |
| Oblique (fracture) | bones are broken at an angle |
| Coles (fracture) | bones are broken at the wrist or distal radius |
| Stress (fracture) | a small crack in the bone |
| Orthopedic Surgeon | Medical doctors who have specialized training in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and surgery of disorders and diseases related to the musculoskeletal systems |
| Rhuematologist | Medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the joints, muscles and bones. They diagnose and treat diseases such as arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders, osteoporosis, plus autoimmune diseases |
| Chiropractor | Focus on spinal adjustments, nutrition and preventing injury without the use of pharmaceuticals or surgical procedures |
| Physical Therapist | A licensed professional who develops individualized plans for their client including exercises, hands on therapy and equipment such as canes or wheelchairs |
| X-rays | common diagnostic tests used to confirm or rule out fractures and broken bones. |
| Dual x-ray absorptiometry (BMD) | bone mineral density test. Is a test to determine osteoporosis by measuring the amount of bone mineral in a particular amount of bone |
| Arthroscopy | A procedure that involes a small incision and the insertion into the joint of an arthroscope, a pencil-thin instrument that allows for visualization on the joint interior. |
Created by:
vsoeds