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Human Geo 1 part 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geographic information | Information about some features (on/near the surface of the earth At some point of time or change over time) |
| 3 atoms of geographic information | Location (where), Time (when), Attribute (what) |
| Geospatial features | surface or near surface phenomena located in space at a given time |
| Geospatial data | measurements or observations of geospatial features (Air temperature at a location or a county’s population) |
| Geospatial databases | collection of geospatial data on a particular theme (An air temperature database or a population database) |
| Geographic location | is an important attribute of things, activities, policies, strategies, and plans |
| Geographic problems | involve some aspect of location, particularly differences across space in the characteristics of the problem as well as in the information needed to solve it. |
| Geospatial technology | a collection of modern tools and systems used to collect, analyze, store, and visualize data tied to specific geographic locations on Earth |
| Geospatial Revolution | the massive shift in how society collects, uses, and shares location-based data through digital mapping, GPS, and geographic information systems (GIS) |
| Relative location | position of one feature of activity relative to another |
| Administrative location | governmentally designated location description |
| Absolute (mathematical) location | position of a feature or activity relative to a grid system |
| Coordinate systems | Used to describe a location in two dimensions (x,y) |
| Origin | the starting point of a spatial movement, flow, or migration process. |
| Latitude | an angular distance north or south of the Equator, measured from the center of Earth |
| Parallel | an imaginary circle or horizontal line that rings the Earth parallel to the equator, used to measure latitude in degrees north or south |
| Baseline | the intersection of two major concepts in modern environmental and critical geography: an ecological baseline and inhuman (or more-than-human) geography |
| Latitude and distance | 1 degree of latitude = 69 miles 1 arc-minute of latitude = 1.15 miles 1 nautical mile (knot) 1 arc-second of latitude = 101.2 feet |
| Longitude | an angular distance east or west of a point on Earth’s surface measured from the center of earth |
| Meridian | an imaginary north-south line on the Earth's surface that connects the North Pole to the South Pole to measure longitude |
| Prime Meridian | the imaginary line of 0° longitude that serves as the starting point for measuring distance east and west around the Earth |
| Longitude and distance | 1 degree of longitude varies with latitude from 69 miles at equator to 0 miles at the poles |
| International Date Line | establishes where the date changes based on longitude |
| Time Zones | establish local time based on longitude |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | a satellite-based radio navigation system used to pinpoint exact geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, and altitude) to analyze spatial patterns, human activities, and the relationships between people and places |
| GPS Trilateration | a mathematical technique used to determine the exact absolute location of a point on Earth by measuring its distance from at least three different satellites |
| GPS Accuracy | the measure of how closely a recorded digital coordinate matches the true physical location of human activities, structures, or events on the Earth |
| Cell Tower Trilateration | a geospatial analysis technique used to estimate the geographic location of a mobile device by measuring its distance from three or more surrounding cellular towers |
| Georeferencing | determining the location of a feature within a coordinated system ( a “grid”) |
| Geocaching | an outdoor recreational activity in which participants attempt to locate a georeferenced object (geocache) that is often hidden, using coordinates posed on a website or distributed to a user group |
| Site | Labor supply and costs Processing costs Policies |
| Situation | Transport costs Distance to raw materials Distance to markets |
| Site factors | an internal characteristic of a specific location, including its physical and local features, that influences why a settlement, factory, or economic activity is established there |
| Economies of scale | clustering of a particular economic activity in a relatively small area due to: Availability of ancillary (service) industries Trained workforce Infrastructure (fixed social capital) “Forward linkages” to markets |
| Diseconomies of scale | negative die effects of clustering of economic activities, examples include: Traffic, pollution, full waste dumps High rent and taxes Insufficient supply of skilled workers. |
| Situation factors | factors of interactions between locations |
| Deindustrialization | the decline and fall of once prosperous factory and mining areas |
| Apportionment/Reapportionment | how legislative seats are distributed among geographic units based on population shifts |
| Malapportionment | imbalance exists between the numbers of voters in similarly represented constituencies |
Created by:
bredoce25