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Integumentary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epidermis | The outer, protective layer of the skin |
| Avascular | Without blood vessels |
| Stratum Basale | The deepest layer of the epidermis |
| Keratinocytes | Cells that manufacture and store the protein keratin |
| Keratin | An intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties |
| Papillary Layer | Made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means that collagen and elastin fibers of this layer form a loose mesh |
| Phagocytes | Cells that engulf and absord bacteria and cell particles |
| Meissner corpuscles | A specialized sensory nerve structure that resonds to light and touch |
| Sympathetic nervous system | The division of the nervous system involved in our fight or flight responses. It continuously monitors body temperature and initiates appropriate motor responses |
| Reticulated | Net-like |
| Collagen fibers | Provide structure and tensile strength, with strands of collagen extending into both the papillary layer and the hypodermis. |
| Hypodermis | The layer of the skin below the dermis that is composed mainly of loose connective and fatty tissues; also called the subcutaneous layer |
| Fascia | Fibrous tissue |
| Dermis | The layer that is made of dense, irregular connective tissue that houses blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands and other structures |
| Adipose | Fat tissue |
| Pacinian corpuscle | A specialized sensory nerve structure that responds to vibration |
| Frostbite | A condition in which conservation of the body core heat results in the skin freezing |
| Rickets | A painful condition in children where bones are misshapen due to lack of calcium, causing bow-leggedness |
| Accessory structures of the skin | Hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands |
| Hair | Keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. Primarily made of dead, keratinized cells |
| Hair on the head | Protects the skull from the sun |
| Hair in the nose, ears and around the eyes | Defends the body by trapping and excluding dust particles that may contain allergens and microbes |
| Hair of the eyebrows | Prevents sweat and other particles from dripping into and bothering the eyes |
| Arrector pili | A tiny, involuntary muscle in the skin that connects a hair follicle to the upper dermis and pulls the hair upright to create goosebumps |
| Melanocytes | A cell that produces the pigment melanin |
| Nail bed | A specialized structure of the epidermis that is found at the tips of our fingers and toes |
| Sudoriferous Glands | Produce sweat to cool the body when warm |
| Exocytosis | A form of active transport in which a cell exports material using vesicular transport |
| Eccrine sweat gland | Type of gland that produces hypotonic swear for thermoregulation. Found all over the skins surface but are especially abundant on the palms of the hand, soles of the feet and the forehead. |
| Apocrine sweat gland | Associated with hair follicles in densely hair areas, such as armpits and genital regions. Larger than eccrine sweat glands and lie deeper in the dermis |
| Sebaceous gland | Oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most are associated with hair follicles. |
| Benign | non-cancerous |
| Infection | The invasion and growth of bacteria, viruses, yeast, fungi or other microorganisms in the body |
| Debridement | Excision of damaged tissues and cell debris from a wound or burn to prevent infection and promote healing |
| Bacteria | Single-cell microorganisms that reproduce cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue |
| Laceration | Torn, ragged-edged wound |
| Lesion | An area of abnormal tissue |
| Metastasis | The process in which cancer spreads from on part of the body to another part of the body |
| Contusion | Injury resulting in a bruise |
| Tinea | A group of fungal skin diseases of the hair, skin and nail tissues |
| Scar | Collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing that differs from normal skin |
| Cauterize | To destroy tissue using a hot or cold instrument, an electrical current, or a chemical that burns or dissolves the tissue to kill tumors or stop bleeding |
| Cyst | Closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material |
| Excisional skin surgery | A surgical procedure used to remove moles, cysts, skin cancer and other skin growths using local anesthesia |
| Pruritus | Itching |
| Eczema | Non-infectious, inflammatory disease presenting as redness, blisters, scabs and itching |
| Incision | A cut made in the body to perform surgery |
| Jaundiced | Yellow-colored |
| Edema | Swelling due to excessive liquid in the tissues |
| Pallor | Unnatural paleness of the skin |
| Cancer | Abnormal cells in the body that divide uncontrollably |
| Dehydration | A net loss of water that results in insufficient water in blood and other tissues |
| Nevus | A benign growth on the skin that is formed by a cluster of meanocytes |
| Keloid | A raised or hypertropihic scar |
| Abscess | An enclosed collection of pus in tissues, organs or confined spaces in the body |
| Pathogen | An organism that causes a disease |
| Virus | A simple microorganism that may cause infection by invading body tissue |
| Gangrene | Death of tissue due to blood supply loss |
| Autonomic | Involuntary or unconscious |
| Nodule | A growth or lump that may be malignant or benign |
| Cellulitis | An infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by tenderness, fever and blisters |
| Dermabrasion | A procedure to remove superficial scars using sandpaper or revolving wire brushes |
| Diaphoresis | Sweating |
| BCC | Basal cell carcinoma |
| bx | biopsy |
| derm | dermatology |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| staph | staphylococcus |
| strep | streptococcus |
| subcut | subcutaneous |
| TD | transdermal |
| ABCDE for Early Diagnosis | Asymmetry: the two sides are not symmetrical Borders: the edges are irregular in shape Color: the color is varied shades of brown or black Diameter: it is larger than 6mm (0.24in) Evolving: its shape has changed |
| First degree burn | Superficial burn that affects only the epidermis. Although the skin may be painful and swollen, these burns typically heal on their own within a few days |
| Second degree burn | Burn goes deeper and affects both the epidermis and a portion of the dermis. These burns result in swelling and a painful blistering of the skin. If kept clean, the burn will heal within several weeks. |
| Third degree burn | Fully extends into the epidermis and dermis, destroying the tissue and affecting the nerve endings and sensory function. May appear white, red or black; they require medical attention and will heal slowly without it. |
| Fourth degree burn | Burn is even more sever, affecting the underlying muscle and bone |
| Decubitus ulcer | Bedsores. Caused by constant, long term, unrelieved pressure on certain body parts that are bony, reducing blood flow to the area and leading to necrosis. |
| Necrosis | Accidental cell death |
| Adipocyte | Fat cell |
| Biopsy | The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist |
| Dermatitis | Inflammation of the skin |
| Dermatofibroma | Fibrous tumor of the skin |
| Dermatologist | Medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders |
| Dermatology | Study of disorders of the skin |
| Diaphoresis | Sweating |
| Hidradenitis | Inflammation of a sweat gland |
| Intradermal | Within the skin |
| Intravenous | Into or within the vein |
| Keratosis | Any growth of horny tissue |
| Onychocryptosis | Ingrown nail |
| Onychomycosis | A fungal infection of the nail |
| Onychophagia | Nail-biting |
| Osteomalacia | A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency |
| Paronychia | Infection of the skin around the nail |
| Pathogen | An organism that causes a disease |
| Percutaneous | Passing through the skin, as an injection or a topical medicine |
| Rhytidoplasty | Excision of wrinkles of the skin |
| Staphylococcus aureus | A bacteria that is commonly found in minor skin infections, as well as in the most of some healthy people |
| Streptococcus | The bacteria that causes strep throat |
| Subcutaneous | Beneath the skin |
| First degree burn | Superficial burn that affects only the epidermis. Although the skin may be painful and swollen, these burns typically heal on their own within a few days |
| Second degree burn | Burn goes deeper and affects both the epidermis and a portion of the dermis. These burns result in swelling and a painful blistering of the skin. If kept clean, the burn will heal within several weeks. |
| Third degree burn | Fully extends into the epidermis and dermis, destroying the tissue and affecting the nerve endings and sensory function. May appear white, red or black; they require medical attention and will heal slowly without it. |
| Fourth degree burn | Burn is even more sever, affecting the underlying muscle and bone |
| Decubitus ulcer | Bedsores. Caused by constant, long term, unrelieved pressure on certain body parts that are bony, reducing blood flow to the area and leading to necrosis. |
| Necrosis | Accidental cell death |
| Adipocyte | Fat cell |
| Biopsy | The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist |
| Dermatitis | Inflammation of the skin |
| Dermatofibroma | Fibrous tumor of the skin |
| Dermatologist | Medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders |
| Dermatology | Study of disorders of the skin |
| Diaphoresis | Sweating |
| Hidradenitis | Inflammation of a sweat gland |
| Intradermal | Within the skin |
| Intravenous | Into or within the vein |
| Keratosis | Any growth of horny tissue |
| Onychocryptosis | Ingrown nail |
| Onychomycosis | A fungal infection of the nail |
| Onychophagia | Nail-biting |
| Osteomalacia | A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency |
| Paronychia | Infection of the skin around the nail |
| Pathogen | An organism that causes a disease |
| Percutaneous | Passing through the skin, as an injection or a topical medicine |
| Rhytidoplasty | Excision of wrinkles of the skin |
| Staphylococcus aureus | A bacteria that is commonly found in minor skin infections, as well as in the most of some healthy people |
| Streptococcus | The bacteria that causes strep throat |
| Subcutaneous | Beneath the skin |
| First degree burn | Superficial burn that affects only the epidermis. Although the skin may be painful and swollen, these burns typically heal on their own within a few days |
| Second degree burn | Burn goes deeper and affects both the epidermis and a portion of the dermis. These burns result in swelling and a painful blistering of the skin. If kept clean, the burn will heal within several weeks. |
| Third degree burn | Fully extends into the epidermis and dermis, destroying the tissue and affecting the nerve endings and sensory function. May appear white, red or black; they require medical attention and will heal slowly without it. |
| Fourth degree burn | Burn is even more sever, affecting the underlying muscle and bone |
| Decubitus ulcer | Bedsores. Caused by constant, long term, unrelieved pressure on certain body parts that are bony, reducing blood flow to the area and leading to necrosis. |
| Necrosis | Accidental cell death |
| Adipocyte | Fat cell |
| Biopsy | The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist |
| Dermatitis | Inflammation of the skin |
| Dermatofibroma | Fibrous tumor of the skin |
| Dermatologist | Medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders |
| Dermatology | Study of disorders of the skin |
| Diaphoresis | Sweating |
| Hidradenitis | Inflammation of a sweat gland |
| Intradermal | Within the skin |
| Intravenous | Into or within the vein |
| Keratosis | Any growth of horny tissue |
| Onychocryptosis | Ingrown nail |
| Onychomycosis | A fungal infection of the nail |
| Onychophagia | Nail-biting |
| Osteomalacia | A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency |
| Paronychia | Infection of the skin around the nail |
| Pathogen | An organism that causes a disease |
| Percutaneous | Passing through the skin, as an injection or a topical medicine |
| Rhytidoplasty | Excision of wrinkles of the skin |
| Staphylococcus aureus | A bacteria that is commonly found in minor skin infections, as well as in the most of some healthy people |
| Streptococcus | The bacteria that causes strep throat |
| Subcutaneous | Beneath the skin |
| First degree burn | Superficial burn that affects only the epidermis. Although the skin may be painful and swollen, these burns typically heal on their own within a few days |
| Second degree burn | Burn goes deeper and affects both the epidermis and a portion of the dermis. These burns result in swelling and a painful blistering of the skin. If kept clean, the burn will heal within several weeks. |
| Third degree burn | Fully extends into the epidermis and dermis, destroying the tissue and affecting the nerve endings and sensory function. May appear white, red or black; they require medical attention and will heal slowly without it. |
| Fourth degree burn | Burn is even more sever, affecting the underlying muscle and bone |
| Decubitus ulcer | Bedsores. Caused by constant, long term, unrelieved pressure on certain body parts that are bony, reducing blood flow to the area and leading to necrosis. |
| Necrosis | Accidental cell death |
| Adipocyte | Fat cell |
| Biopsy | The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist |
| Dermatitis | Inflammation of the skin |
| Dermatofibroma | Fibrous tumor of the skin |
| Dermatologist | Medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders |
| Dermatology | Study of disorders of the skin |
| Diaphoresis | Sweating |
| Hidradenitis | Inflammation of a sweat gland |
| Intradermal | Within the skin |
| Intravenous | Into or within the vein |
| Keratosis | Any growth of horny tissue |
| Onychocryptosis | Ingrown nail |
| Onychomycosis | A fungal infection of the nail |
| Onychophagia | Nail-biting |
| Osteomalacia | A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency |
| Paronychia | Infection of the skin around the nail |
| Pathogen | An organism that causes a disease |
| Percutaneous | Passing through the skin, as an injection or a topical medicine |
| Rhytidoplasty | Excision of wrinkles of the skin |
| Staphylococcus aureus | A bacteria that is commonly found in minor skin infections, as well as in the most of some healthy people |
| Streptococcus | The bacteria that causes strep throat |
| Subcutaneous | Beneath the skin |
| Transdermal | Absorbed through the unbroken skin |
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