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devpsychopathology 1
week 1 lecture slides
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Developmental psychopathology | understanding how psychological difficulties emerge, change, persist or resolve across development |
| how does development occur? | through the interplay of biological, psychological, social and environmental processes |
| developmental perspective | asks not only 'what is the disorder' but also 'how did it develop, and what happens next' |
| dimensional perspective of psychopathology | no sharp boundaries between adjustment and maladjustment. difficulties exist along a continuum, emphasises degree/severity, highlights connections between typical and atypical functioning |
| categorical models of psychopathology | propose that disorders represent qualitatively distinct patterns that can be differentiated from normal functioning . highlights patterns as being distinguished or clinically distinct. asks, 'is it present' |
| physiological models of development | psychological processes have a genetic, structural, biological and/or chemical basis. earlier approaches tended to focus on genes, brain structure, function and maturational processes, while contemporary approaches recognises complex interactions (gxext) |
| neural plasticity | allows the developing brain to adapt, reorganise, and potentially recover following experience or adversity |
| contemporary psychodynamic approaches focus on | unconscious cognitive, affective and motivational processes |
| cognitive models of development | focus on processes and components of the mind and how these change. contemporary approaches increasingly consider cognition within social, educational, evolutionary and environmental contexts/ |
| family models | propose that childrens development and psychopathology cannot be fully understood without considering the dynamics of their particular family |
| sociocultural models | emphasise how social, cultural, economic and historical contexts shape developmental opportunities and vulnerabilities |
| Transactional view of development | children influence their environments just as environments influence children. this helps explain why apparently similar experiences can produce different developmental pathways. |
| developmental psychopathology | focuses on how patterns of adaptation and maladaptation unfold over time, rather than viewing disorder as a fixed characteristic |
| equifinality | different developmental circumstances, or pathways leading to a similar outcome (children may begin with very different experiences or vulnerabilities but subsequently develop the same disorder) there is rarely a single cause underlying a disorder |
| multifinality | similar developmental circumstances leading to different outcomes. (children exposed to similar adversity may differ substantially in their subsequent adaptation) |
| Risk | increased vulnerability to disorder |
| protective factors | characteristics associated with more positive adaptation in the presence of risk |
| different susceptibility | some children are more affected by both adverse and supportive environments. genetic, epigenetic and psychological characteristics may contribute to differences in environmental sensitivity. |
Created by:
ailbhe.10