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Cell Transport
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active transport | type of cell transport that requires energy to move substances across a cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration (up or against the concentration gradient) |
| carrier protein | type of transport protein that binds to specific molecules and change shape to move them across the membrane; can be passive or active |
| cell transport | the movement of substances into and out of a cell through the cell membrane |
| channel protein | type of transport protein that forms a passageway through the cell membrane that allows specific ions or molecules to move across by facilitated diffusion |
| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a cell membrane, with a higher concentration of the substance on one side of the membrane and a lower concentration on the other side |
| diffusion | process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated (type of passive transport) |
| endocytosis | a type of active transport in which a cell takes in substances from outside the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle formed from the cell membrane |
| equilibrium | a state in which the concentration of a substance is equal on both sides of a cell membrane, resulting in no net movement of the substance across the cell membrane |
| exocytosis | a type of active transport which a cell moves substances out of the cell when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell |
| facilitated diffusion | process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane with the help of proteins |
| hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| passive transport | a type of cell transport that does not require energy to move substances across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (with or down the concentration gradient) |
| phagocytosis | a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles, such as foreign substances or dead cells, and takes them into the cell in a vesicle |
| pinocytosis | a type of endocytosis in which a cell takes in liquids and dissolved substances by forming small vesicles from the cell membrane. |
| plasmolysis | the process in which a plant cell loses water, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall, typically when the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution (causes a plant to wilt due to the loss of water in vacuoles) |
| protein pump | type of carrier protein that uses energy to move substances against the concentration gradient |
| receptor | on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone |
| selective permeability | property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable |
| transport protein | a protein in the cell membrane that helps specific substances move across the membrane |
| turgor pressure | the pressure created when water fills a plant cell’s vacuole and pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall, helping the plant cell maintain its shape |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| osmotic pressure | pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic (water) movement across a selectively permeable membrane |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
sheilamonroe