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Science Y10 T3
stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are all substances made up of? | Atoms |
| where is a proton found in an atom | nucleus |
| where is a neutron found in an atom | nucleus |
| where is an electron found in an atom | cloud |
| what is the mass of a proton | 1 |
| what is the mass of a neutron | 1 |
| what is the mass of an electron | 1/1860 |
| what is the charge of a proton | +1 |
| what is the charge of an electron | -1 |
| what is the charge of a neutron | 0 |
| how are electrons arranged | shelves or shells |
| atomic number = | number of protons |
| atomic mass = | number of protons + number of neutrons |
| how is the periodic table aranged | in periods and groups |
| what does the group of an atom represent | the number of valence electrons an atom has when neutral |
| what does the period of an atom represent | the number of electron shells |
| what are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called | periods |
| what are the vertical columns on the periodic table called | groups |
| where are transition elements found on the periodic table | group 3 - 12, in the middle |
| who wrote the first equivalent to the modern periodic table with groups and rows | Demitri Mendelev |
| properties of metals (5) | ductile, malleable, good heat conductors, good electricity conductors, lustrous |
| Properties of non-metals | brittle, non-conductive, dull |
| what is matter | anything that has mass or takes up space |
| what is a molecule | small groups of atoms covalently bonded |
| what a lattice | large regular arrangements of atoms, ionically or metallically bonded |
| what is metallic bonding | metal ions sit in fixed positions in a sea of electrons |
| what is covalent bonding | non-metals sharing electrons to form bonds |
| what is ionic bonding | non-metals stealing electrons from metals to create two oppositely charged ions that then are attracted to each other and form a lattice structure |
| 4 properties of iconically bonded substances | non-conductor as solid, conduct as liquid or when dissolved to form a solution, brittle, high melting/boiling point |
| what are valence electrons | number of electrons in the outer most shell of an atom |
| what is a decomposition reaction | AB=A+B |
| what is a combination reaction | A+B=AB |
| what is a thermal decomposition | A decomposition reaction caused heating |
| what is a precipitation reaction | when two aqueous solutions are mixed to form an soluble and insoluble solution |
| what is a precipitate | the solid product formed in a precipitation reaction |
| what is a cation | a positive ion |
| what is an anion | a negative ion |
| what does monoatomic mean | a single atom |
| what does polyatomic mean | particle with multiple atoms |
| acids are substances that contain | contain hydrogen atoms (H+) and release them into solution when disolved |
| examples of acids (4) | HCl (hydrochloric acid), H2SO4 (sulphuric acid), CH3COOH (Ethanoic acid), H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) |
| properties of acids (3) | taste sour, conduct electricity in solution, turn blue litmus red |
| what happens when you react an acid and a metal | acid + metal = H2 + salt |
| what happens when you react an acid and a base | acid + base = H2O + salt |
| what happens when you react an acid and a carbonate | acid + carbonate = CO2 + H2O + salt |
| properties of bases (3) | taste bitter and feel slippery, good conductors and dissolve in water, turn red litmus blue |
| bases are substances that contain | hydroxide ions (OH-) these are released in solution when dissolved |
| what is the rate of chemical reaction | the rate at which chemicals react with each other |
| ways to increase rate of chemical reaction | Agitation, concentration, surface area, temperature, catalyst |
| what are elements in group 7 known as | Halogens |
| What are the properties of elements in group 7 | quite reactive and usually found as parts of salts, not commonly found naturally as elements, colourful, exist as or form poisonous vapours |
| what are the metals in group 1 also known as | alkaline metals |
| properties of the metals in group 1 | are very reactive metals, create excessive heat when it comes in contact with water |
| what are the elements in group 2 also known as | alkaline earth metals, reactive elements but less than alkaline metals |
| what determines the strength of an acid / base | the number of H or OH ions in the solution |
| what kind of element are acids made up of | non-metals |
| di- | two |
| mono- | one |
| tri- | three |
| tetra- | four |
| penta- | five |
| hexa- | six |
| what is an enzyme | a natural catalyst that holds reactants together until they rearrange to form the products |
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