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Intro to Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many living organisms are on Earth? | 10 million-400 million species |
| Evolution | The process of change that transforms life |
| Biology | The scientific study of life |
| Smallest unit of life | Cell |
| Biosphere | The entire surface of the Earth, including living and nonliving components, comprised of biomes, biomes composed of ecosystems. |
| Ecosystem | All of the organisms living in a particular area including nonliving physical components |
| Biotic | Living |
| Abiotic | Nonliving |
| Community | 2 or more populations in a different species living and interacting in the same area |
| Population | Members of one species inhabiting the same area |
| Organism | Individual living thing |
| Species | Populations of organisms that can interbreed |
| Organ system | Group of organs that function together |
| Organ | Structure in the body composed of several tissues and has a particular function |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells with similar functions |
| Cell | Unit of living material separated by a membrane containing organelles |
| Organelle | Membrane bound structure that performs a specific function |
| Molecule | Cluster of atoms arranged in a particular way for a particular function |
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element |
| Consumer | Eats primary producers and other animals to get energy |
| Autotroph | Self-feeder, produces food through photosynthesis |
| Heterotroph | Other-feeder, can consume other organisms |
| Mixotroph | Both autotropic and heterotrophic |
| 7 Characteristics of Life | 1. Order 2. Regulation and homeostasis 3. Growth and development 4. Energy use and metabolism 5. Response to environment 6. Reproduction 7. Evolutionary adaptation |
| DNA | The genetic hereditary material of all cells |
| Gene | A discrete unit of DNA |
| Hierarchical Order in Biological Classification | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| 3 Domains | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
| 5 Kingdoms | Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia |
| Kingdom Monera | Includes 2 very distinct groups, Bacteria and Archaea, based on nucleotide sequences of ribosomal RNA. |
| Kingdom Protista | Includes all eukaryotes that do not fit into the other kingdoms. They share a simple cellular organization but exhibit enormous diversity in form, nutrition, and ecology |
| Kingdom Plantae | Includes all plants, ranging from tiny algae to towering trees. Eukaryotic and multicellular, cells contain a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. All sessile. |
| Kingdom Fungi | Heterotrophic, worldwide in aquatic and terrestrial environments. They are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, non‑photosynthetic organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment. Sessile. Cell walls contain chitin. |
| Kingdom Animalia | Multicellular, eat others for food. Most are capable of complex and rapid movement. Have a nervous system. Lack a rigid cell wall. |
| Descent w/ modification | Species living today are descendants of an ancestral species |
| Natural Selection | Process that results in the adaptation of an organism to its environment by means of selectively reproducing changes in its genotype, or genetic constitution. |
| Individual Variation | Different characteristics in a population |
| Overproduction of offspring | Too many organisms, not enough food/resources to survive |
| What can natural selection be thought of as? | An editing mechanism |
| 2 approaches used to understand natural causes for natural phenomena | Discovery science and hypothesis-based science |
| Discovery science | Uses verifiable observations and measurements to describe science at different levels |
| Hypothesis-based science | Uses data from discovery science to explain science |
| Taxonomy | The branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics. |
| Hypothesis | A proposed explanation, or an educated guess, for a set of observations |
| Theory | Supported by a large and growing body of evidence |
| The hypothesis must be ____ and _____ | Testable and falsifiable |
| Mimicry | Anti-predation strategy: looks like another animal |
| To be successful, what 2 things must an ecosystem accomplish? | 1. Recycle chemicals necessary for life 2. Move energy through the ecosystem |
| Cell theory | All living organisms are composed of cells, all cells come from other cells, cells are the basic unit of life |
| Natural selection was inferred by connecting what 2 observations | Individual variation and overproduction of offspring |
| What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group? | A control group does not receive the independent variable and serves as a baseline, while an experimental group receives the treatment or intervention being tested |
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