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Microbiology Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Amoeba utilize what structures for motility? | Pseudopods |
| Cell walls are not typically possessed by | protozoa |
| Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of | fungi |
| Choose the correct order of the three main types of cytoskeletal elements in increasing order of size | Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules |
| Cilia are similar in structure to flagella and are commonly found on which microbial cells? | Protozoans |
| Endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic bacterial cell is widely accepted as an explanation for the development of chloroplasts. The presence of these endosymbiotic bacteria provided a cell with the advantage of | photosynthesis |
| Histones are | proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus |
| In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations. They are scattered in the__________ and on the surface of________________________ | cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum |
| t appears that the last common ancestor gave rise to which cell type(s)? | Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes |
| The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell is | mostly polysaccharides |
| The intertwined mass of hyphae that constitutes the body of a mold is a | mycelium |
| The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called | hyphae |
| The series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the | endoplasmic reticulum |
| The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the | nucleolus |
| The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is | 80S |
| The two major types of helminths based on body type are the__________, which include the tapeworms, and the__________, which are also known as nematodes | flatworms; roundworms |
| What mitochondrial structures are the site of the enzymes and carriers used to make ATP in the electron transport system? | Cristae |
| Which of the following pairs is mismatched? | Protozoa; multicellular |
| Which structure, found in most eukaryotes and often called an "extracellular matrix", can be used for attachment? | Glycocalyx |
| You are observing an organism under the microscope, and it is clearly multicellular with no cell walls. Your prediction is that this organism is a/an | helminth |
| As a major component of gram-negative outer membranes, lipopolysaccharide can stimulate shock and fever and its lipid portion is referred to as | endotoxin |
| Choose the statement that best describes how bacteria respond to chemical attractants | Chemical attractants inhibit tumbles, enabling bacteria to make faster progress toward the stimulus |
| During bacterial conjugation, DNA can be transferred from the donor cell to the recipient cell because a/an__________ connects the two cells | pilus |
| During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of__________ cells | gram-negative |
| E. coli has been isolated and cultured from three different individuals. Upon biochemical testing of these three cultures, you find that there are differences in some reactions. What is the best explanation of these differences? | This is normal genetic variation seen among strains of E. coli |
| Mycobacterium and Nocardia are distinguished from other bacteria by the__________ stain | acid-fast |
| Select the taxonomic division that includes the archaea (archaebacteria) | Mendosicutes |
| Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using | specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens |
| Spirochetes are able to move due to | a periplasmic flagellum |
| The cell membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane comprise the | cell envelope |
| The division of microbes termed the Mendosicutes have a cell wall type best described as | archaeal |
| The movement of bacteria either toward or away from a chemical stimulus is referred to as | chemotaxis |
| The term used to describe a gently curved bacterium is | vibrio |
| To find listings and charts of biochemical tests that can be used to identify unknown bacteria, you could use | Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology |
| Variations in the size and shape of cells within a single species of bacteria is known as | pleomorphism |
| What condition most commonly triggers sporogenesis among endospore-forming bacteria? | Nutrient depletion |
| Which of the following is mismatched? | Tenericutes - waxy, acid-fast cell walls |
| Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect? | In a cell with peritrichous flagella, each flagellum moves individually but in a coordinated direction during a run |
| Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shape? | Tetrad |
| bacteria cells have a rod-shape (bacillus) morphology and you observe that there are several cellular morphologies, ranging from coccus to coccobacillus to long bacillus. The best explanation for this observation is that | the microenvironments within a biofilm promote structural variation |
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