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anatomy CH1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| angio | blood vessel |
| arthro | joint |
| chondro | cartilage |
| costo | rib |
| hepato | liver |
| myo | muscle |
| nephro | kidney (greek) |
| reno | kidney (latin) |
| vaso | vessel/duct |
| algia | pain |
| blast | immature cell |
| cyte | cell |
| ectomy | surgical removal |
| infra | below/beneath |
| inter | between |
| intra | within/inside |
| iso | equal/same |
| itis | inflammation |
| lysis | break down or dissolution |
| penia | deficiency |
| sero | serum/watery fluid |
| ipslateral | on the same side of the body |
| contralateral | on the opposite side of the body |
| bilateral | on both sides of the body |
| the x-ray is best suited for: | viewing dense structures such as bones |
| what are key limitations of the x-ray | inability to see soft tissues and organs |
| the ct scan is best suited for: | rapidly and clearly imaging bone fractures, internal bleeding, acute trauma, and organs within the chest, abdomen, and pelvis |
| what are key limitations of the ct scan | exposure to ionizing radiation |
| what are key limitations of the MRI | long scan times, high costs, and strict safety restrictions for people with certain metal implants |
| the mri is best suited for: | viewing detailed pictures of soft tissues, organs, and internal structures without using radiation |
| what are key limitations of the pet scan | lower resolution, false-positive inflammation results, false-negative slow‑growing tumor results, interference from high blood sugar |
| the pet scan is best suited for: | evaluating cellular function, blood flow, and metabolic activity to detect diseases like cancer, heart disease, and brain disorders |
| the ultrasound is best suited for: | viewing soft tissues, blood flow, and developing fetuses in real time without radiation |
| what are key limitations of the ultrasound | inability to penetrate bone or air-filled spaces and heavy reliance on operator skill |
| patella | kneecap |
| crural | leg |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| tarsal | ankle |
| hallux | big toe |
| pedal | foot |
| plantar | sole of foot |
| calcaneal | heel |
| sural | calf |
| popliteal | back of knee |
| gluteal | buttock |
| lumbar | lower back |
| olecranal | back of elbow |
| dorsal | back |
| ventral | front |
| anterior | front |
| inferior | below |
| superior | above |
| posterior | back |
| acromial | shoulder |
| supine | face up |
| prone | face down |
| lateral | side |
| superficial | close to the surface |
| deep | far from the surface |
| mesial | towards the midline |
| lateral | far from the midline |
| distal | away from point of attachment (limbs) |
| proximal | towards point of attachment (limbs) |
| cranial | towards the head |
| cephalic | towards the head |
| caudal | towards the coccyx (tail) |
| frontal plane | separates body into anterior/posterior sections |
| the frontal plane is oriented.... | parallel to the long axis |
| sagittal plane | separates body into right and left sections |
| midsagittal | separated at the midline |
| parasagittal | separated unequally, not at the midline |
| the sagittal plane is oriented.... | parallel to the long axis |
| coronal plane | separates body into anterior/posterior sections |
| the coronal plane is oriented.... | parallel to the long axis |
| transverse plane | separates body into superior/inferior portions |
| the transverse plane is oriented.... | perpendicular to the long axis |
| cavities are.... | closed and fluid filled; lined by serous membrane; protect organs and allow size change |
| what is the point of serous fluid? | moisten serous membranes and reduce friction |
| visceral serosa | lines the organ |
| parietal serosa | lines the rest of the body |
| thoracic cavity | above diaphragm; contains heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, thymus |
| mediastinum | separates pleural cavities; holds heart, trachea, esophagus |
| pleural cavity & serosas | surround the lungs (left/right) |
| the abdominopelvic cavities have the 2 subcavities of....and are both below the.... | abdominal and pelvic; below the diaphragm |
| peritoneal cavity.... | lined by peritoneum; contains stomach, liver, spleen, jejunum, ileum, transverse & sigmoid colon, first part of duodenum |
| the abdominal cavity contains.... | liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine, most of large intestine |
| the kidneys and pancreas are special because.... | they are retroperitoneal |
| the pelvic cavity contains.... | urinary bladder, reproductive organs, distal large intestine |
| the urinary bladder and distal ureters/large intestine are special because.... | they are infraperitoneal |
| homeostasis | maintaining equilibrium; foundation of physiology |
| homeostatic regulation | adjustment of physiological systems |
| autoregulation | local adjustment by cells/tissues/organs |
| extrinsic regulation | nervous or endocrine system controls other systems |
| negative feedback | effector negates original stimulus |
| positive feedback | rare; loop escalates until homeostasis restored |
| how does the integumentary system affect body temp? | heat loss |
| how does the muscular system affect body temp? | heat production |
| how does the cardiovascular system affect body temp? | heat distribution |
| how does the nervous system affect body temp? | coordination of blood flow, heat production, heat loss |
| how does the digestive system affect nutrient concentration? | nutrient storage, absorption, release |
| how does the cardiovascular system affect nutrient concentration? | nutrient distribution |
| how does the urinary system affect nutrient concentration? | control of nutrient loss in urine |
| how does the skeletal system affect nutrient concentration? | mineral storage and release |
| how does the respiratory system affect oxygen/CO2 levels? | oxygen absorption, CO2 elimination |
| how does the cardiovascular system affect oxygen/CO2 levels? | internal transport |
| how does the lymphatic system affect toxins/pathogens? | removal, destruction, inactivation |
| how does the urinary system affect body fluid volume? | water elimination or conservation |
| how does the digestive system affect body fluid volume? | water absorption; water loss in feces |
| how does the integumentary system affect body fluid volume? | water loss via perspiration |
| how do cardiovascular & lymphatic systems affect body fluid volume? | water distribution |
| how does the urinary system affect waste concentration? | excretion of waste from blood |
| how does the digestive system affect waste concentration? | elimination via liver in feces |
| how does the cardiovascular system affect waste concentration? | distribution of water throughout tissues |
| how does the cardiovascular system affect blood pressure? | heart-generated pressure moves blood |
| how do nervous & endocrine systems affect blood pressure? | adjust heart rate and vessel diameter |
| major organs of lymphatic system | spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, tonsils, lymph nodes |
| functions of lymphatic system | defend against infection; return tissue fluids to bloodstream |
| major organs of respiratory system | lungs, alveoli, bronchi, trachea, sinuses, nasal cavities, larynx |
| functions of respiratory system | deliver air; oxygenate blood; remove CO2; produce sound |
| alveoli are... | sites of gas exchange |
| major organs of digestive system | teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| major functions of digestive system | digest food; absorb water; absorb nutrients; store energy |
| major organs of urinary system | kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra |
| major functions of urinary system | excrete waste; regulate water; store urine; regulate ions & pH |
| major organs of male reproductive system | testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis, scrotum |
| major functions of male reproductive system | produce sperm/fluids/hormones; intercourse |
| functions of female reproductive system | produce oocytes/hormones; support embryo; nourish infant; intercourse |
| major organs of female reproductive system | ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands |
| major organs of integumentary system | skin, hair, sweat glands, nails |
| major functions of integumentary system | protection; temp regulation; sensory info |
| major organs of skeletal system | bones, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow |
| major functions of skeletal system | support/protection; mineral storage; blood cell formation |
| major organs of muscular system | skeletal muscles, tendons |
| major functions of muscular system | movement; protection; heat production |
| major organs of nervous system | brain, spinal cord, sense organs, peripheral nerves |
| major functions of nervous system | immediate responses; coordination; sensory interpretation |
| major organs of endocrine system | pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads, endocrine tissues |
| major functions of endocrine system | long-term regulation; metabolic adjustment; developmental control |
| major organs of cardiovascular system | heart, blood, blood vessels |
| major functions of cardiovascular system | transport materials; distribute heat |
| right hypochondriac | contains liver, gallbladder, right kidney, small intestine |
| epigastric | contains stomach, liver, pancreas, both kidneys |
| left hypochondriac | contains stomach, liver tip, left kidney, spleen |
| right lumbar | contains liver tip, small intestine, ascending colon, right kidney |
| umbilical | contains stomach, pancreas, small intestines, transverse colon |
| left lumbar | contains small intestines, descending colon, left kidney |
| right iliac/inguinal | contains small intestines, appendix, cecum, ascending colon |
| hypogastric | contains small intestines, sigmoid colon, urinary bladder |
| left iliac/inguinal | contains small intestines, descending colon, sigmoid colon |
Created by:
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