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Zoo Safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the 3 main factors where safety is a consideration | Animal, visitor, and caretaker welfare |
| Holism | Parts of a whole are in immediate interconnection and cannot be understood without reference to the whole |
| How does holism apply to facility management? | Encourages employees to interweave the message of conservation and education into habitat and animal care |
| Why is holism important? | It allows the concepts of education and conservation to be naturally conveyed to visitors |
| Jones' Principles | Principles of successful animal display in captivity created in 1982 |
| What are Jones' Principles? | Have animals at or above eye level, don't surround animals, give animals a choice, display social animals in groups, recreate habitats, hide barriers, immerse viewers, relate adjacent exhibits to habitat complexes |
| Immersion | Viewers forget they are in a zoo and not the actual habitat |
| Biopark concept | Holistic biological center |
| Furniture | Pieces included in a habitat that animals might interact with |
| Natural voice | Give visitors the message of what animal's habitat would look like in the wild |
| Naturalistic exhibits | Artificial rock work, extensive use of horticulture, and other similar ways |
| Why are Jones' Principles important? | To eliminate discomfort for the animal |
| Mixed species habitat | Multiple animals of different species kept in the same habitat |
| Advantages of mixed species habitat | Reduces need for separate enclosures, more interesting and educational, enrichment by socialization |
| Enrichment | A variable process for enhancing animal environments |
| Microclimate | A part of the animal's habitat that is warmer or cooler than the rest of it |
| Guidelines for mixed species habitats | Group animals geographically, avoid competition for resources, utilize different sizes for similar lifestyles or niches, know animal behavior, avoid risk of hybridization and disease transmission |
| How can competition be reduced in mixed species habitats? | Train to be fed in different ways and alternate feeding times |
| Suggestions for mixed species habitats | Allow animals to be able to get away from each other, monitor behavior, especially with reproduction |
| Husbandry | The scientific control and management of a group of animals, including the regulation of water, food, environment, and breeding |
| Where do most animal husbandry guidelines come from? | USDA standards, AZA standards, animal care and husbandry manuals from TAGs, SSPs, and other professional regulatory groups |
| Examples of biotic variables | Food and water |
| Examples of abiotic variables | Temperature, humidity, illumination, space, measurements, transport |
| Biotic variables | Survival needs of animal |
| Abiotic variables | Environmental variables, both exhibit and off-exhibit |
| How can biotic variables be modified? | Enrichment through food, ensure proper nutrition |
| How can abiotic variables be modified? | Design and management of habitat, proper cleaning |
| Definition and purpose of BCS | Body condition scores, used to determine weight and overall health of animal, leading to information on nutrition |
| Palatability | How much an animal wants to eat the food given to them |
| Why is palatability important? | Make sure animals are not only getting nutrition but also eating food similar to what they would eat in the wild |
| Social considerations | Information derived from field observation to keep animals socially happy and fulfilled |
| How might feeding schedules be altered based on species? | To make sure animals are eating as similarly as possible to how they would in the wild |
| How is psychological state of animals considered when creating a balanced diet? | Animals in heat or those who hibernate might eat differently during those cycles |
| How might the location of an AZA accredited facility influence the animals they have? | Animals who typically live further north might be placed in zoos that are further north. Amur vs. Sumatran tiger |
| How might temperature be modified for animal needs? | Identify acceptable temperature ranges, consider daily or seasonal variations, make use of environmental modifications |
| How might space be modified for animal needs? | Consider typical home range, horizontal and vertical space, give elevated structures, make use of natural barriers, provide nesting material, provision change and variation in environment |
| What considerations must be made for aquatic animal habitats? | Saline vs. fresh water, water quality and depth, special furnishing |
| What factors effect an animal's home range? | Food, water, shelter, opposite sex |
| Why might an animal feel less stress in a smaller space? | Animals do not have to travel as far/work as hard to get the resources they need to survive |
| Horizontal and vertical spaces | Arboreal or mountainous animals want more vertical than horizontal living spaces. Leopard vs. lion |
| Why is furnishing a habitat important? | Animals receive enrichment, keepers can better work with them |
| Ozonation | Treating water outside the pool to protect health of aquatic animals |
| Why is measuring important? | Keeps animals and people safe |
| Examples of enrichment | Physical toys, creative food items, items to encourage foraging |
| How long is enrichment given to an animal? | 3 days if they don't interact with it |
| What must be considered with animal transportation? | There must a way to get the animal out (doors, corridors, place for truck to back in) |
| How long are quarantine periods, typically? | 3-4 weeks |
| Safety protocols used in zoos to protect keepers | Supply of anti-venom, safety and warning signs, building area alarm system, venomous animal bite drills, animal escape drills |
| How frequently are drills run in zoos? | 4 times a year |
| What should be considered when deciding how to house animals? | Wild behavior, lifestyle, age and sex, parturient females and young, seasonal separation of sexes, multigenerational groups |
| When is it especially important to consider breeding with animal housing? | Mothers and young males at breeding age, avoid fighting during heat |
| Bachelor groups | Certain species groups with young males living together. Possible to create artificially with cycling males in and out |
| What social structure gives males the most success? | Male groups with no cycling female |
| Tractable | An animal that is calm, manageable, and easy for keepers to work with |
| Why is hormonal monitoring important? | It gives information on reproductive cycles and when solitary females and males can be introduced to each other |
| Howdy cages | How typically solitary animals can be introduced to each other in a safe way that minimizes possible harm |
| What happens when howdy cage introductions go well? | Animals are put into the same cage with keepers watching as emergency control |
| How often are exhibits cleaned? | Every day |
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