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Module 1 Vocab
PNP 101
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Florence Nightingale | An English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople. She linked hygiene to fewer wound infections. |
| Virginia Henderson | Created the 14 Basic Needs Theory. Because of her, nursing assists people with essential activities until patient can support their own independence. |
| Dorothea Orem | Created the Self Care Deficit Theory |
| Jean Watson | Created the Theory of Human Caring |
| National Academy of Medicine (NAM) | A global, multiprofessional organization pushing objective health data. It publishes Future of Nursing reports driving the push for 80% BSN rates and systemic health equity. |
| American Nurses Association (ANA) | Publishes the foundational Code of Ethics and Scope of Standards of Practice. |
| Primary Illness Prevention | Happens before a disease. Reduces the risks or exposure. (Ex. vaccinations, seatbelts, healthy habits) |
| Secondary Illness Prevention | Early in the disease's progression, when the illness is detected before complications arise. (ex. blood pressure, mammograms, colonoscopy) |
| Tertiary Illness Prevention | When a disease is established. This prevention aims to restore function to the patient and limit the effects of the illness. (ex. diabetes self-care, cardiac rehab, support groups) |
| Quaternary Illness Prevention | This is excessive risk intervention and prevents avoidable medical harm. (ex. low-value tests, drugs, treatment) |
| Conventional Medicine/Care | Evidence-based diagnosis and treatment: medications, procedures, radiation, surgery. |
| Complementary Medicine/Care | A non-mainstream approach used alongside conventional care. |
| Alternative Medicine/Care | A non-mainstream approach used instead of conventional care. |
| Integrative Medicine/Care | Coordinated conventional and evidence based complementary care for the whole person. |
| Health Care Delivery Systems | Incorporate interactions between health care providers and clients within the contraints of financing mechanisms and regulatory agencies. |
| SDOH | Abbreviation for Social Determinants of Health |
| Social Determinants of Health | Factors within the environment where a patient lives that affect their health, health outcomes, and overall quality of life. |
| Preventative Health Care | Focuses on educating and equipping patients to reduce and control risk factors for disease. (ex. immunization, stress management, occupational health, seat belt use) |
| Primary Health Care | Emphasizes health promotion and includes prenatal well-baby care, family planning, nutrition counseling, and disease control. It's a sustained partnership between patients and providers. (ex. office or clinic visits, community health centers, scheduled school or work centered screenings) |
| Secondary Health Care | Includes the diagnosis and treatment of acute illness and injury. (ex. hospital settings, diagnotic centers, urgent and emergent care centers) |
| Tertiary or Acute Health Care | Involves the provision of specialized and highly technical care. (ex. intensive care, oncology centers, burn centers) |
| Restorative Health Care | Involves intermediate follow-up care for restoring health and promoting self care. (ex. home health care, rehab centers, and skilled nursing facilities) |
| Continuing Health Care | Addresses long term or chronic health care needs over a period of time. (ex. end-of-life care, palliative care, hospice, adult day care, assisted living, and in-home respite care. |
| QSEN | Abbreviation for Quality and Safety Education for Nurses |
| QSEN Competencies | Safety, Patient Centered Care, Evidence Based Practice, Informatics, Quality Improvement, Teamwork and Collaboration |
| QSEN Safety | The minimization of risk factors that could cause injury or harm while promoting high quality care and maintaining a secure environment for patients, self, and others. |
| QSEN Patient Centered Care | The provision of caring and compassionate, culturally sensitive care that addresses patients' physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, and cultural needs, preferences, and values. The patient is included in the decision making process. |
| QSEN Evidence Based Practice | The use of current knowledge from research and other credible sources on which to base clinical judgement and patient care. |
| QSEN Informatics | The use of information technology as a communication and information gathering tool that supports clinical decision making and scientifically based nursing practice. |
| QSEN Quality Improvement | Care related and organizational processes that involve the development and implementation of a plan to improve health care services and better meet patients' needs. |
| QSEN Teamwork and Collaboration | The delivery of patient care in partnership with inter-professional members of the health care team to achieve continuity of care and positive patient outcomes. |
| Registered Nurse (RN) | The lead member of the nursing team, soliciting input from all nursing team members and setting priorities for the coordination of patient care. They may have an associate's or a bachelor's degree in nursing. |
| Practical Nurse (PN or LPN) | Work under the supervision of RNs and possess technical knowledge and skills. Requires an educational course prior to taking the test. |
| Assistive Personnel (AP) | Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs), Certified Medical Assistants (CMAs), and non-nursing personnel, such as technicians. Work under the supervision of an RN or PN. |
| Ethics | The study of conduct and character. |
| Code of Ethics | A guide for the expectations and standards of a profession. |
| Bioethics | The applications of ethics to health and life. It addresses dilemmas such as abortion, organ transplantation, gender reassignment, etc. |
| Ethical Advocacy | Supporting a defending a patients' health, wellness, safety, wishes, and personal rights, including privacy. |
| Ethical Responsibility | Willingness to respect obligations and follow through on promises. |
| Ethical Accountability | Ability to answer for one's own actions. |
| Ethical Confidentiality | Protection of privacy without diminishing access to high quaity care. |
| Autonomy | The right to make one's own personal decisions, even when those decisions might not be in that person's own self interest. |
| Beneficence | Action that promotes good for others without self interest. |
| Fidelity | Fullfilment of promises. |
| Justice | Fairness in care delivery and use of resources. |
| Nonmaleficence | A commitment to do no harm. |
| Veracity | A commitment to tell the truth. |
| Ethical Dilemmas | Problems that involve more than one choice and stem from differences in values and beliefs of the decision makers. A review of scientific data is not enough to solve it and the answer will have a profound effect on the patient and their situation. |
| Moral Distress | Nurses may experience this when in a difficult situation where the actions taken are different from what they identify to be ethically correct. It can manifest as guilt, insomnia, fatigue, withdrawal, and depersonalization. Support should be sought by the nurse. |
| Compassion Fatigue | Cumulative stress that develops from a desire to help those who are suffering combined with the inability to relieve that suffering, which results in a feeling of professional uselessness and self blame. It makes focusing difficult, anxiety rise, behavior disruptive, and sympathy challenging. |
| Unintentional Legal Breaches | Negligence and malpractice |
| Negligence | An unintentional mistake or careless act that could lead to avoidable harm or injury to a patient. |
| Malpractice | Making a mistake or failing to act, breaking accepted medical rules and hurting a patient. |
| Quasi-Intentional Legal Breaches | Breach of confidentiality and defamation of character |
| Breach of Confidentiality | The unauthorized disclosure, access, or misuse of protected health information. |
| Defamation of Character | Making false, malicious, or derogatory statements about another individual that damage their reputation or standing in the community. |
| Intentional Legal Breaches | Assault, battery, and false imprisonment |
| Assault | A violent physical or verbal attack, or a credible threat that makes someone fear imminent physical harm |
| Battery | The intentional, unlawful, and unwanted application of physical force or contact on another person without their consent. |
| False Imprisonment | The intentional and unlawful restriction of a person's freedom of movement within a specific area without legal authority or consent. |
| Professional Negligence | The failure of a person who has professional training to act in a reasonable and prudent manner. |
| Negligence that can lead to a malpractice lawsuit Failure to | follow professional and facility established standard of care, use equipment in a responsible and knowledgeable manner, communicate effectively with patients, document care, notify the provider of changes in a patient's condition, and complete a prescribed procedure. |
| Informed Consent | A legal process by which a patient or their legally appointed designee has given written permission for a procedure or treatment after the provider explains and the patient understands the reason for the treatment, how it will benefit the patient, the risks of getting the treatment, and other treatment options including not treating. |
| Advanced Directives | Communication of a patient's wishes regarding end-of-life care should the patient become unable to do so. |
| Mandatory Reporting | The legal obligation to report findings in accordance with state law in situations of abuse and communicable disease diagnoses. |
Created by:
marinareagankhan