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Ecology Exam 2
EXAM 2 ANSWER KEY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water gained by animals through cellular respiration is called _______ and it is more likely to be important in _______. | Metabolic water; an environment with a high vapor pressure deficit |
| If a freshwater fish is hyperosmotic relative to its water environment, the fish would tend to _______ | Have a higher internal concentration of salt than its environment (surrounding water) and a lower internal concentration of water than its environment |
| In a Type II functional response, a predator’s prey intake per unit time will increase more rapidly than a Type I response as prey availability increases, but will then level off at moderate to high prey density. | True |
| If a plant’s leaves have a low C:N ratio, which of the following would be true? | After plant death, the plant leaves would decompose more quickly than other plant parts with a higher C:N |
| Based on optimal foraging theory, a foraging animal will eat more than one prey item when | b. long equation > short equation |
| Plants display optimal foraging by | All of the above |
| Behavioral ecology is | The study of behaviors concentrating on behavior that impacts the relationships between organisms and the environment |
| In Thornhill’s work on scorpionfly mating, male flies present a food resource to the female to induce her to mate with them, and males compete to present a “better” food source. This procedure of mate choice presumably evolved to | a, b, and c |
| Eusocial insects exhibit the most complex form of sociality. Eusocial behavior includes | Inclusion of reproductive and non-reproductive castes |
| Increasing one’s inclusive fitness by increasing the fitness of others related to you is called | Kin selection |
| If you envisioned the niche as Hutchinson’s “n-dimensional hypervolume”, which of the following is true? | The realized niche is smaller than the fundamental niche |
| The net reproductive rate (Ro) of a population is defined as | the average number of offspring produced per individual in a population |
| Which pattern is represented by Fig. 1? | Random |
| When you see a pattern in an ecological system, you should always be asking what process caused it. What process may have caused the pattern in Fig. 2? | Local resource domination by the individuals |
| Deborah Rabinowitz described 3 factors that influence species rarity. In her classification, “Extreme Rarity”, and thus greatest likelihood of extinction for a species, would be described by | All three factors acting together |
| The spread of an invasive species across North America after introduction in North Carolina is an example of | Range expansion |
| An infectious disease depends on having a host. The “threshold host density” is | The density of hosts needed to sustain a disease within a population |
| From the information provided, you can determine that these three species of bats | Have high niche overlap in food resources and must differ from each other along other niche dimensions |
| A metapopulation consists of semi-isolated subpopulations that vary in size and population productivity. Which of the following is NOT true? | There is always dispersal among all subpopulations in a metapopulation |
| A population that displays a Type III survivorship curve has | High juvenile mortality |
| Which type of population growth model is used to describe a population with discrete generations | Geometric |
| Ifa population is undergoing exponential population growth, has a current population =10, and has a per capita rate of increase = 0.5, what will its population size be in 5 timesteps? Please show your calculations. | 122 |
| Based on the concept of kin selection and Hamilton’s Rule, inclusive fitness is most beneficial to an individual’s fitness when that individual’s actions increase the fitness of | A sibling |
| A population displaying logistic growth | Would be limited in its growth by some abiotic or biotic factor |
| If you observed a population of mice in a grassland for a long time and that population continually increased except for a large die off of individuals after severe droughts, you might guess that the mouse population was limited by a | Density-independent factor |
| If you observed a population with the following age pyramid what might you know about the population? | b is greater than d |
| When estimating population size by depletion, the regression analysis of the data | All of the above |
| If a species has the following characteristics, how would you describe it? | r-selected with a Type III survivorship curve |
| Draw a typical photosynthetic response curve for a plant, labeling the axes and marking Pmax and Isa. Define these two terms. In what two ways would a response curve differ for forest understory plants versus plants that typically grow in full sun? | |
| Define the term “niche”. Draw a graph that illustrates the concepts of niche breadth and niche overlap. Be sure to fully label the graph. | |
| Define, graph and explain the concept of “maximum sustainable yield” or MSY. How is MSY related to the logistic population growth curve? Describe one example of what can happen if harvesting above MSY is carried out over long time periods. |
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