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bio exam 1 yellow
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the two types of nucleic acids are _____ and ______ | DNA and RNA |
| the powerhouse of the cell is the _____ | mitochondria |
| the brain of the cell is the _______ | nucleus |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum gets its name from the _______ that are attached to the outside | ribsomes |
| the organelle that carries out protein synthesis is the | ribosomes |
| the more ______ ions in a solution the more basic the solution | hydroxide (OH-) |
| a _______ bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of valence electrons | covalent |
| a plane that divides the body into right and left sections would be a _______ plane | sagittal |
| the primary energy source for a cell is | ATP |
| specialized molecules that speed up reactions are called | enzymes |
| NaCl is an example of a _______ bond | ionic |
| pinocytosis involves ________; whereas phagocytosis involves _______ | liquids; solids |
| when amino acids are joined together, the covalent bond that is formed is called a ________ bond | peptide |
| in DNA, cytosine pairs with | guanine |
| the passive transport (diffusion) of water is called | osmosis |
| a _______ solution causes red blood cells to crenate (shrivel up) | hypertonic |
| in relation to the should, the elbow is _______ to the wrist | proximal |
| in RNA, adenine pairs with ________ | uracil |
| a plane that divides the body into front and back sections would be a _______ plane | coronal (frontal) |
| the phospholipid tails are hydro_____ and the heads are hydro_____ | phobic and philic |
| what is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport | facilitated diffusion- a passive movement through the lipid bilayer, not using energy. high to low concentration active transport- uses energy to move molecules and moves them against gradient form low to high concentration |
| what are three types of endocytosis | Phagocytosis — “cell eating” Pinocytosis — “cell drinking” Receptor-mediated endocytosis- "brings in specific molecules to bind to recpetors |
| what is the sodium-potassium pump? | it uses ATpase to move Na+ and K+ ions against concentration gradient. For every 3 Na+ pumped out, 2 K+ pumped in |
| what is the difference between oxidation and reduction | Oxidation = loss of electrons Reduction = gain of electrons |
| what are the phases of the cell cycle? what happens in each one? | G1- growth of the cell; carries out normal functions S- DNA is copied and replicated G2- cell continues to grow: prepares for division mitotic- nucleus divides into two identical nuclei cytokinesis- the cytoplasm divides, producing two daughter cells |
| what is the difference between meiosis and mitosis | meiosis goes throw 2 stages of cellular division while mitosis only goes through 1 |
| what are the phases of mitosis in order? | 1. prophase 2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase |
| in what phases of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate? what are sister chromatids? are they the same as homologous chromosomes? | 1. anaphase 2. chromosomes that contain identical DNA 3. no because homologous chromosomes are a pair of similar chromosomes, 1 from dad and 1 from mom |
| what is the difference between transcription and translation? | transcription- serves as a template for copying information into a sequence translation- is the nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule which specifies the aid sequence of a protein |
| at what phase of meiosis do the number of chromosomes divide in half? (reduction division) after meiosis, how many cells are there? | telophase I there are 4 cells after meiosis |
| which phase of meiosis is like mitosis? why? | meiosis II because it starts with 2 sister chromatids in prophase |
| in what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur? what is crossing over? | prophase I of meiosis I crossing over is the process in which non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange sections of DNA |
| what is a "haploid" cell? how does it get that way? | a haploid cell is a cell that contains one set of chromosomes (23) it gets that way through meiosis |
| what is the difference between introns and exons? | introns- non-coding sections of RNA that are removed during RNA processing. exons- sections that are kept and expressed in the final mRNA. |
| what happens in telophase of mitosis? what does cytokinesis mean? | a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes which contains 2 identical daughter cells cytokinesis happens after telophase, which is the complete split between cells |
Created by:
jericalocke