Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Musicology Sept
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gregorian Chant | (also known as plain chant or chant) official music of Catholic Church since the 8th century. Has no start or end date because it is a continuous and collective process |
| Middle Ages | (476 AD collapse of Roman Empire, 800 Charlamagne named emperor of HRE, 1100-1300s Crusades, 1400s Renaissance begins) |
| Alleluia for Easter Mass | Melismatic |
| Neumes | Europe's first notational marks employ stylized hand gestures |
| The Liturgy of the Church | All adhere to the fixed set of fixed rituals structured around Christ, the saints and Mary |
| The Mass | Always is the retelling of the last supper |
| The Divine Offices | Proper: every day mass Ordinary: christmas and easter holidays Nuns could not participate in mass so they had to practice the divine offices |
| Introit for Christmas Day Mass: Pure Nat's set nobis | Genre: Gregorian Date: 8th century and continuous practice Texture of Gregorian chants is usually monophonic |
| Monophonic/monophony | A single voice or line (can be multiple voices all singing the same thing) |
| Ambitus | Range (can be wide or narrow). A melody within a 4th is considered narrow while a melody within a 12th is considered wide |
| Church Modes | Dorian, hypodorian, Phrygian, hypophrygian, Lydian, hypolydian, Mixolydian, hypomixolydian |
| Text Setting | How is this text set to music? |
| Secular Music | The returning of familiar musical material |
| Instrumentalists | Included bards, jongleurs, minstrels, goliards and bardcore |
| Bards | singers of epics |
| Jongleurs | lower class |
| Minstrels | of higher status, of the servant ("minister") class |
| Bardcore | Modern internet genre of music is imagined in a medieval, renaissance style (lifestyles and themes, strong sonic identity, emerges during COVID19) |
| Goliards | Young priests in training styling Latin (wandering students who serve a legendary figure, rebels of the church, a way to earn income for second born sons, eventually settled down and became monks) |
| "Carmina Burana" (c. 1230) | Wheel of fortune-idea that one's decisions are already predetermined |
| Troubadors | Southern France |
| Trouveres | Northern France |
| Courtly Love | This is more idealized than religious love. The focus is on unrequited love, singing to the wife of someone the troubadour's leaders. (put in service of the Virgin Mary, not physical-associated with nobility) |
| Bernart de Ventadorn (1135-1194) | Transmits oxytocin language from Northern France |
| "Can vei la lauzeta mover" (12th century) | Song of unrequited love,, rhyme scheme: ABABCDCD-phrases shaped by ornamentation |
| Comtessa de Dia (flourished c. 1175-c. 1225) | A countess who had the only woman's troubadour song |
| "A chanter" (12th century) | By Comtessa de Dia. Complains about the traditions of courtly love. Late 12th century-13th century. Troubadour song |
| Mass for Christmas Day, Gradual: Viderunt Omnes | Genre: Gregorian Chant Date: 8th century and continuous practice |
| The Carolingian Dynasty and Charlemagne (742-814) | In 800, Charlamagne comes to Rome + is named king=discontent leads to unification of cultures through Catholicism |
| Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604) | Not a composer-considered a divine receptor of music. They say new, unifying chants were given to him (often depicted as a dove=a symbol of the Holy Spirit) by God and held Papacy during his time |
| Cathedral Architecture | Considered very beautiful, big, ornate buildings |
| Romanesque | Very dense, dark and heavy stone + rely on natural light yet, the more the building has windows, the more likely it is to fail |
| Gothic | Supports thinner walls with big windows + uses the support of flying buttresses, higher spaces with beautiful stained glass windows |
| Polyphony/polyphonic | Multiple voices doing different things at different times. Sound is material. Music is a way to adorn texts but also be adorned. Basic forms include singing against a drone and parallel octaves |
| Organum | Specific genre of music that utilizes a polyphonic structure (basically takes a melody and jazzes it up) |
| Parallel | Organum doubling a chant at a P5th below, or P4th above (or both) |
| Florid | Lots of notes in the counterpoint above the chant voice |
| Tenor | Refers to the voice holding the chant melody |
| Notre Dame Polyphony | Contemporaneous to the Cathedral of Notre Dame (1160 foundation begins, 1183 1st mass in choir, 1250 construction completed) |
| Magnus Liber Organi | 1st major collection of polyphonic music in western history |
| Leonin (1150-1201) | Collected 2 voice organum |
| Perotin (1160-1230) | Collected 3 and 4 voice organum |
| Rhythmic Modes | Solves problem of different melodies. Genre: organum quadruple (four voice) |
| Perotin, Viderunt Omnes (1197) | Music goes back and forth |
| What is a composer? | Premodern sources depict composers as passive transmitters rather than original creators. In the myth of Pope Gregory, he's depicted as a mediator by which divine melodies reach Catholic ears |
| Monastic Life | Monasteries and convents are important cultural centers of growth |
| Illuminated Manuscripts | Expensive illustrations designed to match the holy scripts |
| Book of Hours | Designed for aristocrats to do the divine offices at home |
| Guido of Arezzo | A monk (991-1033) recommended the addition of two lines to show f and c |
| Guidonian Hand | System for keeping track of the relation of notes. Introduced solfège (ut-la) |
| Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179) | 12th century mystic composer, beer maker and polymath (woman) * At age 42, experiences visions from heaven * Because of this, she's allowed a say in the church * Elected mother superior in 1136 * Founded 2 convents |
| Mysticism | The belief or practice of seeking direct, personal communication and union with the divine |
| Scivias | Describes 26 of Hildegard's visions |
| Symphonia armoniae celestium | Agreement of harmony in music |
| "O virtus sapientae" (mid-12th century) | Composer: Hildegard von Bingen Genre: Monophonic chant Date: mid-12th century |
| Ordu virtutum (1151) Act 4 | Composer: Hildegard Von Bingen Genre: Morality play or sacred music genre Date: 1151 Characters: male prophets, 16 female virtues, the devil, a female soul Performed for aristocratic women |
| Syllabic | One syllable=1 pitch |
| Melismatic | Two or more pitches per syllable |
| Charlamagne | Pleas to Gallican to standardize Catholic doctrine and create certain common rituals |
| Oblique | Early polyphonic singing technique where 1 voice holds single, fixed pitch while the other moves to reach a specific consonant interval |
| Hildegard Von Bingen 2 | *Created her own language *Wrote 3 volumes of visionary theology *Wrote treatises on medicine and natural history *Wrote 70 poems, 77 songs and a play |
| Talea | Rhythm |
| Color | Melody |
| Pope Gregory | Always in pictures with doves |
| Parallel organum | Parallel fourths and fifths (voices move together) |
| Florid organum | Perotin (voice floats on top, it's more free) |
| Charlamagne | Wanted to standardized chant practices from Pope Gregory (believed he was a mythical prophet) |
| Gregorian Hand | Images |
| Notre Dame | Images |
| Roman de Fauvel | Images |
| Hildegarde | Images |
| Motet | Polyphonic and polytextual (composition with different melodies and different texts going on at different times) |
Created by:
user-1977645