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Cell Comp & Plasma C
Cell components & Plasma/ Cell Membrane Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of a ribosome? | Synthesizes proteins |
| What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do? | Synthesizes and transports proteins |
| What does RER stand for? | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Synthesizes lipids including steroids such as cholesterol and detoxifies drugs |
| What does SER stand for? | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Which organelle synthesizes lipids including steroids such as cholesterol? | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Which organelle helps detoxify drugs? | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? | Packages and modifies proteins |
| Which organelle packages and modifies proteins? | Golgi apparatus |
| What is the function of the mitochondrion? | Synthesizes ATP |
| Which organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell? | Mitochondrion |
| Which organelle produces ATP? | Mitochondrion |
| What is the function of a lysosome? | Contains enzymes that digest worn-out organelles and substances that have entered the cell |
| Which organelle contains digestive enzymes? | Lysosome |
| Which organelle digests worn-out organelles? | Lysosome |
| What is the function of a peroxisome? | Detoxifies toxic substances |
| Which organelle detoxifies toxic substances? | Peroxisome |
| What is the function of centrioles? | Organize the mitotic spindle during cell division |
| Centrioles are components of what structure? | Centrosome |
| Which structures organize the mitotic spindle during cell division? | Centrioles |
| What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton? | Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments |
| What is the function of microtubules? | Support the cell, give it shape, form the spindle apparatus during mitosis, and transport organelles and structures within the cell |
| Microtubules are components of which structures? | Centrioles, cilia, and flagella |
| Which cytoskeleton structure forms the spindle apparatus during mitosis? | Microtubules |
| Which cytoskeleton structure transports organelles and structures within the cell? | Microtubules |
| What is the function of intermediate filaments? | Strengthen the cell, help maintain its shape, and stabilize the position of organelles |
| Which cytoskeleton component helps stabilize the position of organelles? | Intermediate filaments |
| Which cytoskeleton component strengthens the cell and helps maintain its shape? | Intermediate filaments |
| What is another name for microfilaments? | Actin filaments |
| What is the function of microfilaments? | Anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the plasma membrane and enable cellular movements |
| Which cytoskeleton component enables cellular movements? | Microfilaments |
| Which cytoskeleton component anchors the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the plasma membrane? | Microfilaments |
| What structure contains the cell's DNA? | Nucleus |
| What is the dense structure located inside the nucleus? | Nucleolus |
| What is chromatin? | DNA-containing material located inside the nucleus |
| What surrounds the nucleus? | Nuclear envelope |
| What are nuclear pores? | Openings in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to move into and out of the nucleus |
| What is the plasma membrane? | The outer boundary of the cell |
| What is cytosol? | The fluid portion inside the cell |
| What is cytoplasm? | Material inside the cell outside the nucleus including cytosol and organelles |
| Where are free ribosomes located? | Freely in the cytosol |
| Where are bound ribosomes located? | Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is an endocytic transport vesicle? | A vesicle that carries material brought into the cell |
| What is an exocytic transport vesicle? | A vesicle that carries material toward the plasma membrane for release from the cell |
| What is a vesicle? | A small membrane-bound sac used to transport or store substances |
| What is a flagellum? | A long cellular projection used for movement |
| What is the basic protein pathway through the cell? | Ribosome to rough endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus to transport vesicle |
| What organelle should you remember when you see the word protein synthesis? | Ribosome |
| What organelle should you remember for protein synthesis and transport? | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| What organelle should you remember for lipid synthesis? | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| What organelle should you remember for packaging and modifying proteins? | Golgi apparatus |
| What organelle should you remember for energy production? | Mitochondrion |
| What organelle should you remember for digestion and cellular cleanup? | Lysosome |
| What organelle should you remember for detoxification of toxic substances? | Peroxisome |
| What structures should you remember for cell division? | Centrioles |
| What is the memory clue for RER? | Rough equals ribosomes equals proteins |
| What is the memory clue for SER? | Smooth equals steroids and lipids plus detoxification |
| What is the memory clue for the Golgi apparatus? | Package and ship |
| What is the memory clue for mitochondria? | ATP and powerhouse |
| What is the memory clue for lysosomes? | Digest and clean up |
| What is the memory clue for peroxisomes? | Detox |
| What is the memory clue for centrioles? | Cell division |
| What is the memory clue for microtubules? | Support, spindle, and transport |
| What is the memory clue for intermediate filaments? | Strength and stability |
| What is the memory clue for microfilaments? | Movement and membrane anchoring |
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