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Gen Chem Chapter E
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most important part of a numerical answer | The unit |
| SI Units | Seven base units in which all other units are derived. A different base unit is used for each quantity. |
| Length unit | meter (m) |
| Mass unit | kilogram (kg) |
| Mass definition | quantity of matter |
| Weight definition | a measure of force exerted by the gravitational pull on an object. |
| Time unit | Second (s) |
| Temperature definition | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample. |
| Temperature units | Celsius, Kelvin and Fahrenheit |
| Speed (rate) | the ratio of distance traveled per unit of time. Meters/second |
| Volume (V) | Length cubed |
| Density (d) | mass/volume |
| Molecular weight (MW) | mass/amount |
| Volume= | length x width x height |
| Density definition | the mass of a substance in a given volume |
| Density formula | d=m/v |
| Exact numbers | values we know exactly |
| Inexact numbers | values that have uncertainty |
| Accuracy | refers to the proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity |
| Precision | refers to the proximity of several measurements to each other. |
| Significant figures | Digits that are measured and "non-place holding" |
| 4 Sigfig rules | 1. All nonzero digits are significant. 2. Zeroes between 2 sigfigs are themselves significant. 3. Zeroes at the beginning of a number are never significant. 4. Zeroes at the end of a number are significant if a decimal point is written in the number. |
| Addition/Subtraction Sigfig rule | Answers are rounded to the least significant decimal place |
| Multiplication/Division Sigfig rule | Answers are rounded to the number of digits that corresponds to the least number of sigfigs. |
| Energy definition | the capacity to do work |
| Work definition | the action of a force applied across a distance |
| The energy of the universe is: | conserved |
| Potential Energy | Energy associated with storage |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy associated with movement |
| SI unit of energy | Joule (J) |
| Law of conservation of energy | Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Can be transferred. |
| Exothermic | Releases energy, gives off heat |
| Endothermic | Absorbs energy, takes in heat |
| Conversion factors | Relationships between 2 units |