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first 10 amendments
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1st amendment | freedom of and from religion |
| 2nd amendment | right to bear arms |
| 3rd | no quartering soldiers |
| 4th | no unreasonable search and seizure |
| 5th | due process, no self incrimination |
| 6th | right to a speedy trial |
| 7th | right to jury trial |
| 8th | no cruel or unusual punishment |
| 9th | enumerated rights |
| 10th | unenumerated rights |
| articles of confederation limited | national government |
| under articles of confederation congress couldn't do what two things | tax states, and regulate foreign or interstate commerce |
| under articles of confederation how many votes did each state have | one, regardless of size |
| how many states had to vote to pass amendment under articles of confederation | all of them |
| under articles of confederation how many states need to vote to pass a law | 9/13 |
| under the articles of confederation what branches of government did they have | only legislative no judicial or executive |
| what did the articles of confederation lead to | shays rebellion (1786-1787) |
| what was shays rebellion | Shays's Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes on both individuals and their trades. |
| when and why did the constitution become law | in 1789 after the first session of us congress |
| what did the constitution do as opposed to articles of confederation | created a strong national government while still respecting rights of states |
| when and why was the bill of rights added | in 1791 to protect individual freedoms and ensure ratification |
| what did the constitutional convention cover | representation in congress(the great compromise), slavery and population (3/5 compromise), executive powers, and checks and balances |
| the great compromise | the house of representatives was declared to be based on population and the senate was declared to have two per state |
| 3/5 compromise | each slave counts as 3/5 a person in representation and taxation |
| changes to executive powers made in constitutional convention | created the office of president with limited powers, and electoral college was established |
| what checks and balances were established at the constitutional convention | divided government into 3 branches and established their jobs |
| legislative | makes laws |
| executive | enforces laws |
| judicial | interprets laws |
| purpose of bill of rights | guarantees individual liberties and limits government power |
| when was bill of rights ratified | in 1791 |
| what was anti-federalists stipulation to ratifying constitution | the bill of rights must be ratified next |
| what are the federalist papers | a collection of 85 essays written in 1787-1788 to support the ratification of the us constitution |
| what was the pen name used for the federalist papers | publius |
| who wrote the federalist papers | Alexander hamilton, james madison, john jay |
| how many of the essays of federalist papers did Alexander Hamilton write | 51 essays |
| how many of the essays of federalist papers did James Madison write | 29 essays |
| how many of the essays of federalist papers did John jay write | 5 essays |
| what did the federalist papers do | explained principles behind constitution |
| how are the federalist papers still used | cited in Supreme Court cases, scholarly work and debates about constitutional interpretation |
| what do the federalist papers help us understand | the founders intentions behind the structure of us government |
| how long are the supreme and other federal court judges elected for | for life |
| presidents powers | veto legislation, call special sessions, recommend legislation, and appeal to the people |
| who does the president appoint | Supreme Court justices and other federal judges |
| what is the powers of the judicial branch | may declare executive and congresses actions unconstitutional |
| powers of legislative branch | congress makes laws, creates agencies and program, allocates funds, can override veto, can impeach president and judges, approves treaties and presidential appointments |
| judicial branch comprised of | Supreme Court and other federal courts |
| legislative branch comprised of | congress |
| executive branch comprised of | president |
| purpose of the legislative branch | establishes congress (house and senate) and outlines its power and limitations |
| key points of legislative branch | bicameral legislature, powers of congress, necessary and proper clause, impeachment process |
| necessary and proper clause is also called | elastic clause |
| purpose of executive branch | establishes presidency and executive powers |
| key points of executive branch | presidents roles, powers like veto, appointment, and treaty making, impeachment process |
| what is impeachment | the constitutional way to remove a president if they Abus their power |
| two steps to impeachment | house of representatives impeaches, and senate holds trial and removal |
| steps within impeachment by House of Representatives | house votes on charges, and majority vote required (218 votes) |
| steps within senates trial and removal for impeachment | senate holds a trial with senators serving as jurors, chief justice of Supreme Court presides, require a 2/3 vote |
| purpose of judicial branch | established federal judiciary, including Supreme Court |
| key points about judicial branch | lifetime appointment for judges, jurisdiction of federal courts, judicial review |
| Marbury v Madison | , is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that established the principle of judicial review, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes they find to violate the Constitution of the United States |
| Article IV (4) | explain relationship between states and federal government, discusses admittance of new states into union |
| full faith and credit clause | found in article IV, each state must honor laws of another |
| privileges and immunities clause | ensures that citizens from one state are treated equally in others |
| Article V purpose | the amendment process described |
| key points of article V | proposing amendment requires 2/3 vote of both houses of congress or a national convention, ratification requires 3/4 of state legislature or conventions, |
| when has ratification by convention taken place | 21st amendment in 1933 |
| passing a law | bill introduced in house or senate, committee review and debate, signed or vetoed by president, to pass needs majority in house and senate |
| how can u change laws | by passing another law |
| passing a constitutional amendment | proposed by 2/3 vote in house and senate or national convention called by 2/3 of state, ratified by 3/4 state legislature or state conventions in 3/4 of state |
| primary purpose of a bill | create or change ordinary law |
| example of a bill | affordable care act |
| resolution/amendment primary purpose | address special or procedural purposes |
| 13th amendment text | neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction |
| exception clause of 13th amendment | allows involuntary servitude as punishment for crime |
| kids for cash scandal | two Pennsylvanian judges accepted money to funnel kids into private prisons |
| 14th amendment purpose | to protect rights of newly freed slaves and expand constitutional protections to all citizens |
| citizenship clause of 14th amendment | all persons born or neutralized in us are citizens |
| equal protection clause of 14th amendment | no state can deny equal protections |
| due process clause of 14th amendment | no state can deny life, liberty or property without due process of law |
| 15th amendment | gave all MEN right to vote, banned racial discrimination but didn't guarantee universal suffrage |
| brown v board of education (1954) | challenged poesy v Ferguson separate but equal, unanimous decision that separation is inherently unequal |
| title II of civil rights act | banned segregation in public places |
| title III | encouraged desegregation of schools |
| Title VI | cut federal funding to programs that discriminate |
| title VII | prohibited employment discrimination by businesses and created equal employment opportunity commission |
| title I | protected right to vote |
| Article VI | supremacy clause, establishes constitution as supreme law of land |
| article VII | describes process for establishing proposed frame of government |
| federalism | sharing of powers between national government and individual states |
| United States v miller (1939) | held that right is connected to militia service but left open some individual right |
| district of columbia v Heller (2008) | landmark Supreme Court case affirming individuals right to posses firearms for lawful purposes |
| McDonald v city of Chicago | incorporated second amendment to apply to state and local gov |
| regressive tax | income tax |
| categorical grants | congress creates these targeting specific issues or projects and sets amounts |
| block grants | set total amount of money available but have broad purpose |
| example of categorical grant | title I school funding |
| block grant example | TANF-temporary assistance for needy families |
| controlled substances act (1970) | part of Nixons "war on drugs", classifies drugs into 5 schedules |
| census | states can gain or lose seats, reapportionment |
| tn legislative branch | Tennessee general assembly, bicameral, Tennessee house of reps and Tennessee senate |
| what does general assembly do | passes state laws, approves state budget, redistricts, can override a governors veto |
| tn senate districts | 33 senators, 4 years, |
| Tn house districts | 99 members of the house of representatives |
| how many members does TN have in us house of representatives | 9 members |
| how many total members does us house of reps have | 435 total members |
| arizona v unites states | clarified that federal law trumps state law |
Created by:
burgia