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BDK Quiz #3

CNS 3-5

Pharmacologic CategoryGeneric NameBrand Name ClassificationCommon Indications Essential Knowledge
Antimanic agent lithium (PO) Lithobid Bipolar disorder Key Side Effects: tremor, acne, hypothyroidism, weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia, GI upset US Boxed Warnings: ability to promptly monitor levels is necessary Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended); avoid in pregnancy
Antimigraine sumatriptan (PO, intranasal, SQ) Imitrex Migraine Key Side Effects: fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness, paresthesias Other Notes: CI in ischemic heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, peripheral vascular disease, and uncontrolled hypertension
Antimigraine rizatriptan (PO) Maxalt Migraine Key Side Effects: fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness, paresthesias Other Notes: CI in ischemic heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, peripheral vascular disease, and uncontrolled hypertension
First-generation antipsychotic haloperidol (PO, IV, IM) Haldol Schizophrenia Key Side Effects: sedation, EPS, parkinsonism, xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, QTc prolongation US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second generation antipsychotic clozapine (PO) Clozaril Treatment resistant schizophrenia Key Side Effects: sedation, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, sialorrhea, hyperglycemia, weight gain, neutropenia US Boxed Warnings: may cause severe neutropenia; may cause orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, and syncope; may cause seizures; may cause fatal myocarditis and cardiomyopathy; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second generation antipsychotic aripiprazole (PO, IM) PO/IM: Abilify; IM: Aristada Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) Key Side Effects: akathisia, restlessness, sedation, EPS, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second generation antipsychotic quetiapine (PO) Seroquel, Seroquel XR Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) Key Side Effects: sedation, EPS, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second generation antipsychotic lurasidone (PO) Latuda Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) Key Side Effects: sedation, EPS, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death Other Notes: CI with strong 3A4 inhibitors and inducers
Second generation antipsychotic olanzapine (PO, IM) Zyprexa Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) Key Side Effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, hyperglycemia US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Second generation antipsychotic risperidone (PO, IM) PO: Risperdal IM: Risperdal Consta Schizophrenia Key Side Effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, hyperglycemia US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
Anticonvulsant carbamazepine (PO) Tegretol Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS and TEN) in patients with certain genetic predisposition; may cause aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
Anticonvulsant lamotrigine (PO) Lamictal Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, somnolence, skin rash, alopecia US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatologic reactions, including SJS
Anticonvulsant divalproex (valproic acid derivative) (PO) Depakote, Depakote ER Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis Key Side Effects: drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, hyperammonemia US Boxed Warnings: may cause fatal hepatic failure; may cause life threatening pancreatitis; fetal toxicity
Anticonvulsant topiramate (PO) Topamax Seizure disorders, migraine prophylaxis Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, memory impairment, weight loss
Anticonvulsant levetiracetam (PO, IV) Keppra Seizure disorders Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, asthenia, psychotic symptoms, agitation
Anticonvulsant oxcarbazepine (PO) Trileptal Seizure disorders Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, hyponatremia
Anticonvulsant gabapentin (PO) Neurontin Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision, peripheral edema, weight gain
Anticonvulsant pregabalin (PO) Lyrica CS-V Seizure disorders, neuropathic pain Key Side Effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision, peripheral edema, weight gain
Antianxiety agent buspirone (PO) Buspar Anxiety Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea Other Notes: do not use with MAOI
Benzodiazepine alprazolam (PO) Xanax CS-IV Anxiety Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions Other Notes (lorazepam IV): parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours
Benzodiazepine clonazepam (PO) Klonopin CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions Other Notes (lorazepam IV): parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours
Benzodiazepine diazepam (PO, IV) Valium CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions Other Notes (lorazepam IV): parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours
Benzodiazepine lorazepam (PO, IV) Ativan CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions Other Notes (lorazepam IV): parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours
Benzodiazepine midazolam (IV, IM) Versed CS-IV Anesthesia, sedation Key Side Effects: hypotension, apnea, bradypnea US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids or when used for sedation in noncritical settings; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions; dose must be individualized; never give by rapid injection in neonates
Hypnotic zolpidem (PO) PO: Ambien, Ambien CR SL: Edluar CS-IV Insomnia Key Side Effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia, parasomnias US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (i.e., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake); CI in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors
Sleep aid melatonin (PO) --- OTC Insomnia, jet lag Key Side Effects: drowsiness, daytime somnolence
Sedative, general anesthetic propofol (IV) Diprivan Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare) Other Notes: formulated as a 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL
Alpha2 agonist, sedative dexmedetomidine (IV) Precedex Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: tolerance and tachyphylaxis may occur if used longer than 24 hours
Created by: Marquez35
 

 



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