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3050 week 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is periodisation defined? | Planning of training over different time periods |
| What is the smallest cycle in periodisation called? | Microcycle |
| What do microcycles form? | Mesocycles |
| A number of repeated mesocycles make up: | Macrocycles |
| T OR F: Responses to incremental tests are linear | F |
| What is LT1? | First sustained increase in lactate above resting values |
| What recruitment does LT1 represent? | Type 1A muscle fibres |
| What is the absolute threshold for blood lactate LT1? | 2mmol/l |
| What is LT2? | Exercise intensity at which blood lactate begins to accumulate rapidly |
| What does LT2 represent? | Transition from heavy to severe exercise |
| What happens to fatigue after LT2 is reached? | Develops rapidly |
| How is LT2 determined on a lactate curve? | The second break point |
| What blood concentration is typically used for LT2? | 4 mmol/l |
| What two methods can be used to determine the first ventilatory threshold (VT1)? | The V-slope method and the ventilatory-equivalents method. |
| How is VT1 identified using the V-slope method? | VT1 occurs where carbon dioxide production (\(\dot VCO_2\)) begins increasing disproportionately relative to oxygen consumption |
| How is VT1 identified using ventilatory equivalents? | VT1 is identified at the lowest point (nadir) of \(\dot VE/\dot VO_2\), immediately before ventilation begins increasing relative to oxygen consumption. |
| How is VT2 identified by changes in ventilation? | T2 occurs when ventilation (\(\dot VE\)) begins increasing disproportionately relative to carbon dioxide production (\(\dot VCO_2\)) |
| How is VT2 identified using ventilatory equivalents? | VT2 is identified at the lowest point (nadir) of \(\dot VE/\dot VCO_2\), immediately before it begins to rise. |
| What does nadir mean? | Lowest point |
| What do metabolic thresholds define? | Boundaries between exercise domains |
| What is the Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS)? | Highest intensity where blood lactate remains consistent |
| What is critical power (CP)? | CP is the asymptote where the power–duration relationship levels off, representing the boundary between the heavy- and severe-intensity exercise domains. |
| What fuel does low intensity exercise mainly rely on? | Fat oxidation |
| What two sources of fuel does medium intensity exercise rely on? | carbohydrate and fat contribution |
| What fuel does high intensity exercise rey on? | Carbohydrate due to rapid ATP demand |
| What is RER? | the ratio of CO₂ produced to O₂ consumed |
| How is RER found? | Vc02/V02 |
| What is the crossover concept? | when fat and carbohydrate contribute approximately equally to energy production. |
| How do exercise intensity and endurance training affect the crossover point? | Increasing exercise intensity shifts fuel use toward carbohydrate, whereas endurance training shifts the crossover point to the right, allowing greater fat use at higher intensities |
| What is maximal fat oxidation (MFO)? | Answer: MFO is the highest absolute rate at which fat is oxidised during exercise, measured in grams per minute. |
| What is Fatmax? | Answer: Fatmax is the exercise intensity at which MFO occurs, typically around 45–65% of \(\dot VO_2\text{max}\). |
| What determines blood lactate concentration? | Blood lactate concentration reflects the balance between its rate of production (appearance) and rate of clearance (disappearance). |
| Why does blood lactate accumulate as exercise intensity increases | production through glycolysis exceeds its clearance and uptake by the mitochondria and other tissues. |
| Whatc are the 3 phases of the lactate shuttle? | Glycolysis Shuttle Oxidation |
| Aside from fuel, what does lactate work as? | A signalling molecule |
| T OR F: Lactate is a waste product | FALSE |
| T OR F: Improved lactate clearance is a negative training adaptation | FALSE |
| What do monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) transport | Lactate, meaning that lactate transport also moves acidity. |
| How does endurance training affect MCT1 and blood lactate? | Increases MCT1 presence, improving clearance of lactate |
Created by:
oncetherewasareg