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Pat Asses L2

QuestionAnswer
What is posture? Position of body parts in relation to one another at a given time
What is the difference between static and dynamic posture? Static = posture in positions such as standing, sitting, lying, kneeling, quadruped, or stooping. Dynamic = posture during movement/activity.
What defines good/ideal/neutral posture? Body weight is centered over the base of support.
Is anatomical position necessarily ideal posture? no
What are the four spinal curves? Cervical = lordosis/extension; thoracic = kyphosis/flexion; lumbar = lordosis/extension; sacral = kyphosis/flexion.
How do spinal curves develop after birth? Birth = entire spinal column flexed → 2–4 months = head lifting produces cervical lordosis → 5–6 months = leg lifting produces lumbar lordosis.
What are the antigravity muscles listed in the study guide? Hip extensors, abductors, adductors; knee extensors; neck/trunk extensors, flexors, lateral benders; ankle pronators and supinators.
How is standing posture assessed? Against a plumb line from lateral, anterior, and posterior views.
What posture landmarks do you need to know? Landmarks for assessing posture from the anterior, posterior, and lateral views.
How do neutral, anterior, and posterior pelvic positions affect lumbar curvature? Neutral = maintains correct lumbar curvature; anterior tilt = increases lumbar extension/lordosis; posterior tilt = decreases lumbar lordosis/creates flat back.
What happens to the lumbar spine during a lateral pelvic tilt? Right lateral pelvic tilt → left lumbar side bending. Left lateral pelvic tilt → right lumbar side bending.
What is scoliosis? A lateral curve of the spine that varies in location and severity.
What happens to the lumbar spine/IVDs during unsupported sitting? Increased pressure on IVDs and decreased lumbar curve; sitting produces 40% more compression through the L-spine, most significantly L4–L5.
What is perching? Sitting at the forward edge of a seat, on a forward-tilting seat, tall stool, or gym ball.
What do the LE muscles do during ideal sitting posture? Actively support sitting posture.
What ergonomic factors should be considered for daily posture? Chair type, height, and lumbar-support pillow.
What measurement system is used for circumferential measurements? Metric system — centimeters.
What are the three major reasons for circumferential measurements? Body size/composition, edema, and muscle atrophy.
What are the major rules for taking consistent circumferential measurements? Palp bony landmrk, measure same area as the Ini Eval, keep tape straight, add measurements as needed, use 5-cm increments if needed, lightly mark increments on skin if possible, always get a baseline, compare to non-involved side, and document accurately.
What landmarks should you be aware of when assessing leg alignment/length? ASIS/iliac crest, greater trochanter, patella, and medial malleolus.
What position and landmarks are used to measure leg length? Patient supine with legs extended/relaxed; measure ASIS → medial malleolus.
Where are circumferential measurements taken at the elbow? Elbow joint line with elbow extended; medial/lateral epicondyles; 5 cm below joint line; 5 cm above joint line.
Where are circumferential measurements taken at the knee? Knee joint line with knee extended; 5 cm above/below; 15 cm above/below.
What four bony landmarks are used for the ankle figure-8 measurement? Navicular, base of 5th metatarsal, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus.
Where does the ankle figure-8 measurement start? Anterior talocrural joint between the anterior tibialis tendon and lateral malleolus.
How do you locate the anterior tibialis tendon for the ankle figure-8 measurement? Resist dorsiflexion.
Created by: user-2052658
 

 



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