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ch 6 quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which statement best describes a pathogen | a microorganism capable of causing disease |
| normal flora are microorganisms that | normally live on or in the body without causing disease |
| colonization means that microorganisms are | present and multiplying without causing tissue invasion or symptoms |
| explain the difference between contamination and infection | contamination is when microorganisms are present where they should not be, infection is when microorganisms invade tissue and cause a host response or tissue damage |
| why can surgery increase the risk of microorganisms entering deeper tissues | it breaks the bodys natural protective barriers which creates an opening for microorganisms to enter deeper tissue |
| which is an example of the body's first line of defense | intact skin and mucous membranes |
| give two signs of inflammation that a surgical technologist should recognize | redness + swelling |
| what is the main difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity | innate is an immediate response and adaptive is a slower initial response |
| antibodies are more closely associated with | adaptive immunity |
| why is inflammation considered a protective response even though it can cause redness, heat, swelling, and pain | it helps the body fight infection, remove damaged tissue, and begin healing |
| list the six links in the chain of infection | infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host |
| a surgical hand scrub primarily helps break which part of the chain of infection | reservoir/ source and mode of transmission |
| give two examples of how the surgical team can break the chain of infection in the operating room | wearing personal protective equipment + cleaning, disinfecting , and sterilizing equipment + supplies |
| explain why proper skin preparation and draping are important when normal skin flora are present | normal skin flora can still cause infection if they enter the surgical site. skin prep reduces microorganisms and draping prevents |
| during a procedure you notice that a sterile glove has touched a nonsterile surface. what should happen next and what microbiology principle supports your decision | the sterile glove must be considered contaminated and replaced immediately. the principle is microorganisms can be transferred by contact and even contamination that cannot be seen can introduce pathogens into the sterile field |
| a patient is having surgery in an area near a body site that is heavily colonized with microorganisms. name two actions that the surgical team can take to reduce the risk of a surgical site infection | Perform thorough skin preparation and use proper sterile draping and maintain strict aseptic technique |
| explain why sterile technique is not just a list of rules but is a way to interpret the movement of microorganisms and protect the surgical patient | it prevents microorganisms from being transferred into the surgical site. it helps break the chain of infection and protects the patient from a surgical site infection. |
| the study of organisms too small to be seen clearly without magnification | microbiology |
| single celled organisms, many are harmless but some cause surgical infection | bacteria |
| require living host cells to reproduce | viruses |
| include yeasts and molds ; may cause opportunistic infections | fungi |
| single celled eukaryotic organisms some are human pathogens | protozoa |
| abnormal infectious proteins : uncommon but important because of unusual resistance to routine processing | prions |
| sphere-shaped | cocci |
| rod shaped | bacilli |
| spiral shaped | spirochetes |
| live on or in the body without normally causing disease | normal flora |
| microorganisms are present where they should not be | contamination |
| organisms are present and multiplying without necessarily causing tissue injury or symptoms | colonization |
| microorganisms invade tissue and produce a host response and/or tissue damage | infection |
| contribute to antibody mediated immunity | B lymphocytes |
| contribute to cell mediated immunity | T lymphocytes |
| allow a faster response after future exposure | memory cells |
| immediate, non specific, no antigen-specific memory | innate |
| slower initial response, antigen specific, develops memory | adaptive |
| chain of infection the microorganism capable of causing disease | infectious agent |
| where the organism lives and multiplies | reservoir |
| how it leaves the reservoir | portal of exit |
| how it travels | mode of transmission |
| how it enters another person | portal of entry |
| a person whose defenses allow infection to develop | susceptible host |
Created by:
calitollifson7