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Music 4
Music 4 Middle Ages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Early Middle Ages | FAll of the Roman Empire (476 CE) beginning, conflict between church and state |
| Dark Ages | (500-1000CE) commonly mistaken label |
| Medieval Church | Monasteries and culture, preserved the learning of the ancient world, music as an enhancement in the church service, sacred music, men and women played important roles for music |
| Art and Culture of Later Middle Ages | 1000-1450 CE: arts and culture flourished, cities became centers of art and culture, trade flourished, national literature, The Crusades (1095-1291) |
| Art, culutre, trade flourished | Cathedrals, universities, merchant class, organized trade guilds |
| Culture of Later Middle Ages | Feudal society was male dominated, status of women wears raised, women were adored, foundation for Western civilization |
| Foundation for Western civilization | Fearless warrior, chivalry, universal cult of Mary, mother of Christ, Court minstrel songs, our concept of romantic love |
| Sacred music in Middle Ages | Church music reflects the highly spiritual nature, liturgy, Gregorian changes |
| Church music languages | Greek, Hebrew, and Syrian influences |
| Gregorian charts | Monophonic, lacks harmony and counterpoint, avoids wide melodic leaps, gentle contours, free from regular phrase structure |
| Text settings in Gregorian charts | Three Categories, Syllabic, Neumatic, Melismatic |
| Syllabic | Every syllable gets a note, 1:1 |
| Melismatic | Many notes per syllable |
| Greg chants | Orginally oral transmission, singers needed help as more chants were created, Neumann later evolved into musical notation, modes scale patterns, basis of European art music, modal music |
| Early Church Modes | Ionian (major scale), Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian , Mixolydian, Aeolian (minor scale), Locrian |
| Office and the Mass | Two Categories of services and prayers, responsorial (call and response), antiphonal |
| Offices | Services celebrated at various hours of the day |
| Mass | Reenactment of the sacrifice of Christ |
| Proper prayer | vary from day to day throughout the church year |
| Ordinary prayer | Texts that remain the same |
| Life in medieval cloister | Place for religious selection, life revolved around services and mass, writings and preserving knowledge |
| Life revolved around services and mass | Days would begin at 2/3am, readings of lessons, singing of psalms, work |
| Hildegard von Bingen | Sacred writer, composer, and chanter, born in noble family and tied to church, known for her visions |
| Rise of polyphony | Romanesque era (850-1150) CE, use of regular meters to keep the voices together, notes and rhythms needed to be written out, recognition of the individual composer |
| Polyphonic music | Notre Dame composers, organum, new melodic contours, motet |
| Notre Dome composers | Leonin, Perotin |
| Organum | Earliest polyphonic music; textless, adds a second voice |
| New melodic contours | Oblique motion, contrary motion, rhythmic modes |
| Motet | Most important form of early polyphonic music, added text to organums |
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