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Week 4 history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Elizabeth Pinckney: Plantation Boss | In charge of her family's three plantations, caregiver and manager for her family, pioneer of indigo (prized blue dye she gained profit from) |
| More non-British Europeans.. | emigrated/mixed with British settlers and enslaved Africans. Colonist felt they stood equal with England- not reciprocated tho |
| Transatlantic trade | Brought wealth for Britain, ordinary americans had comfy life |
| The Consumer Revolution | Improvements in manufacturing, transportation, and credit. Wealth reached common folk in America better than it did in England. |
| Commodity Money | An agreed exchange rate for goods stood in for hard cash. In Virginia, pound of tobacco set the standard value. |
| Paper of a sort | Colonists spent these notes and it was a local substitute for coin. Some colonies rejected each other's notes tho->hampered trade between colonies |
| The Caribbean Sugar Trade | Lumber was a chief export, sugar sweetened Britain's tea. Barbados exported more value in sugar than all 13 mainland colonies' commodities combined. |
| Mercantilism | Britain held that colonies existed to enrich the mother country. To keep profits flowing, Parliament taxed the New World. |
| Navigation Acts | Trade laws forcing colonial goods through England so profits returned to Britain. As colonists grew richer, London only pressed to extract more. |
| Sugar, Stamp & Townshend Acts | Levies fell on goods: sugar, paper, lead, glass, tea Colonist answered by boycotting British imports and buying local goods instead. |
| The turning point of the 1660s: | New laws sanctioned enslaving Africans for life, creating racial barriers/division. |
| Slavery in Virginia | Labor intensive tobacco drove slavery's rise |
| Slavery in South Carolina | Rice in malarial swamps forced absentee owners into a task system, leaving enslaved more autonomy and cultural continuity. |
| Slavery in Mid-Atlantic | Enslaved workers raised grain, did shipping, served in households. |
| Slavery in New England | Few enslaved people and no cash crops. Ports profited throughout transatlantic slave trade. |
| Bacon's Rebellion | Organized military campaign against Virginia's rulers. Elites were terrified that blacks and poor whites joined forces. Bacon died of typhus. Lawmakers eased life for poor whites but worsened it for blacks. |
| Stratified Society (ranked by class and race) | 1. Gentry and Elite (held office) 2. Middle Class (active in politics & civic life) 3. Laborers, free & enslaved (did colonies' hardest work) |
| Three charters of rule coexisted: | 1. Provincial- controlled by English crown 2. Proprietary- governor has right to rule 3. Charter- Elected leaders split executive, legislative, and judicial power. |
| Headright Policy | Settlers who paid their passage won 150 acres per family member- enslaved people included |
| Emigration (people from British Isles): Four waves | 1. Puritans 2. Aristocrats and servants 3. Quakers 4. Irish and Scots |
| Life in the New World (very diff from Europe/Old world) | -Average age women got married was 20 - +2 births - 90% of men could read -Longer lives (bc of more resources) |
| Coverture | Under English doctrine, marriage folded a woman's legal identity into her husband's. |
| The Great Awakening | A movement to reignite religiosity- Congregational, Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist churches. Favored outdoor revivals over in-church sermons. |
| The Seven Years' War (aka the French and Indian War) | George Washington led a troop that killed a French diplomat. Montreal was captured. Britain gained victory. (Indians were involved bc this war affected their land, trade, etc) |
| Pontiac's War | Prophet had a vision that having whites in Native land was a sin. Chief Pontiac rallied Great Lakes nations to the Appalachians and took down British forts. Disease and dwindling supplies ended the war. Pontiac surrendered at Font Ontario. |
| Royal Proclamation of 1763 | Set the Appalachian Mountains as the western boundary of settlement. Britain protected Native lands from being taken by colonists (angered the colonists). |
| The Road to Revolution | 1. Sugar, Stamp & Townshend Acts sparked boycotts 2. Britain sent 4,000 troops in Boston to keep order 3. Boston Massacre- five colonists dead- the first martyrs 4. Patriots dump 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor. |
| The Road to Revolution (continued) | 5. The Coercive "Intolerable" Acts punish Massachusetts and unite the colonies |
| Five Big Ideas: Wealth from trade | Atlantic and Caribbean commerce built wealth , spread consumer goods, and grew colonial cities- though most people stayed rural |
| Five Big Ideas: An Imperial bargain | Britain expected colonies to supply raw materials and obey its trade rules. |
| Five Big Ideas: Slavery at the core | Racial slavery and a hardening racial hierarchy became central to colonial society. |
| Five Big Ideas: A layered society | Class, labor, gender, and sharp regional differences shaped daily colonial life. |
| Five Big Ideas: Toward a shared identity | The Great Awakening & the French and Indian War pushed colonists toward unity and resistance. |
| Key Term: Consumer Revolution | Rising incomes let common colonists buy once-luxury goods, joining a modern economy. |
| Key Term: Task System | Carolina rice labor: finish set daily tasks, then limited time for oneself. |
| Key Term: Royal Proclamation of 1763 | Set the Appalachians as the western limit to protect Native lands. |
| Key Term: Great Awakening | Revival of outdoor preaching that spread questioning of authority. |
| Key Term: Headright Policy | Land grands used to draw paying settlers. |
| Key Term: Navigation Acts | Trade laws routing colonial goods through England to keep profits in Britain. |
| Key Term: Coverture | Marriage absorbed a woman's legal identity into her husband's. |
| Key Term: Coercive Acts | "Intolerable Acts" punishing Massachusetts after the Tea Party. |
| Key Term: Bacon's Rebellion | Revolt where poor whites and enslaved blacks joined-hardening racial lines. |
| Key Term: Pontiac's War | Native uprising against British rule after the Seven Years' War. |
Created by:
Brookelol